tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71974395629236122362024-03-04T20:23:11.564-08:00NETWORKINGEverd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-38906468180951055162012-09-17T08:34:00.000-07:002012-09-17T08:34:11.099-07:00capsa Network AnalyzerPada beberapa tahun yang lalu mungkin anda pernah denganr tentang
sebuah worm jahat yang menyerang komputer diseluruh dunia yang disebut
worm “Conficker”. Worm jenis ini pada dasarnya berfokus pada
pemanfaatan password account, yang akan menghasilkan banyak lalu lintas
otentikasi untuk semua Directory domain controllers, dan juga akan menyebabkan user account lockout karena terlalu banyak upaya logon tidak valid oleh worm.<br />
Untuk mengatasi masalah di atas, Microsoft merilis satu buletin keamanan MS08-067
yang menyatakan bahwa semua mesin harus update patch KB958644. Tetapi
dalam jaringan perusahaan besar, jika anda tidak memiliki manajemen
desktop yang tepat atau solusi desktop komprehensif untuk melakukan
update patch, perusahaan akan perlu menggunakan tenaga ahli dan
melakukan manual patch pada setiap mesin tunggal yang terhubung ke
jaringan.<br />
Untuk menanggulangi anda akan perlu memiliki <a href="http://www.netmild.com/category/network">network</a> sniffer. Ada salah satu tool yang cukup bagus disebut CAPSA dari Colsasoft sebuah tool management freeware
untuk administrator jaringan bertugas memantau, dan mendiagnosis
masalah jaringan mereka. Hal ini dirancang untuk penggunaan bisnis
pribadi dan kecil.<br />
<br />
<img alt="capsa free screenshot Pantau Network anda dengan capsa Network Analyzer" class="aligncenter" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIe45IYSeZJQ3OBkilsd-tfpOjrgFAJDoX6eRODfqGmZTSbUs4bV32lXsdEPfA2GP81CRXbMv14jadIazlWzqE7XZmDu9FFoio9X74B0GrKsnU_FoA6K9vWnXCQtK_Pvd16_WVdhbUCMZd/s1600/capsa_free_screenshot.jpg" title="Pantau Network anda dengan capsa Network Analyzer" width="352" /><br />
<br />
Alat ini menyediakan antarmuka user friendly, ini sangat penting
untuk administrator. Dalam konsol CAPSA , anda dapat dengan mudah
menentukan kriteria diagnostik dengan hanya melalui wizard. Setelah itu,
anda dapat mengkonfigurasi detail pengaturan diagnostik dengan banyak
informasi deskriptif yang disediakan oleh alat itu sendiri.<br />
<br />
Entah bagaimana, tidak semua administrator sistem yang baik dalam
mengkonfigurasi perangkat jaringan, maka akan baik jika pengaturan dan
langkah-langkah konfigurasi yang deskriptif cukup untuk memungkinkan
administrator sistem melakukan tugas yang diperlukan. Misalnya jika anda
ingin mengkonfigurasi ARP [ <em>Address Resolution Protocol</em> ], anda dapat dengan mudah mengkonfigurasi threshold dan kriteria pemindaian berdasarkan kebutuhan anda.<br />
<br />
<img alt="Cap 1 Pantau Network anda dengan capsa Network Analyzer" class="aligncenter" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHQLwy4FyvV3dbVo4fKl4sm1aTcYASsXXIav-_xoKVvcv1N5FZViZEmovh7am6WYjWxCqEmxf_7dGH1PtI9eNu4D0q1GaTcyUHaLQaKGl9H39LNQeexrqjl06BHDOAGwJ0Y7GIyr1EEpNO/s1600/Cap-1.png" title="Pantau Network anda dengan capsa Network Analyzer" width="450" /><br />
Cukup sulit untuk mengkonfigurasi peralatan jaringan untuk
menganalisis aktivitas jaringan, dan peralatan jaringan dengan jaringan
yang komprehensif menganalisa kemampuan tidak gampang. Jadi, jika
anda hanya ingin menangani masalah-masalah seperti dibutkan di atas.<br />
CAPSA memberikan pandangan yang sangat terorganisir hasil dianalisis.
Salah satu fitur yang mengesankan adalah matrix yang memberikan
gambaran grafis pada lalu lintas jaringan ke mesin anda. Anda dapat
dengan mudah mengidentifikasi konektivitas yang menyebabkan masalah ini
dengan mengarahkan pointer mouse ke baris tebal (yang menunjukkan lalu
lintas jaringan yang lebih) pada grafik.<br />
<br />
<img alt="Cap 2 Pantau Network anda dengan capsa Network Analyzer" class="aligncenter" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi26Gkc4_JeTK44qKMXybmj0SQjTjZS0A1En3jOFPPCKeLmnDB-yhul1oVNc2i7eFyj6kUYZy8-A1ylPKgmUtJWnXI2Y42uw3Rs2nY5XZlBlL258slTJ5G2j3vfuFfzxPt7nb1snv-N4sbl/s1600/Cap-2.png" title="Pantau Network anda dengan capsa Network Analyzer" width="450" /><br />
<br />
Alat ini mempunyai dua pilihan dengan salah satu versi mereka untuk dijual tetapi anda juga dapat men-download dalam versi gratis berikut ini.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.colasoft.com/capsa/capsa-free-edition.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Capsa Free Edition</a>maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-24811816563928780212012-09-17T08:32:00.003-07:002012-09-17T08:33:02.942-07:00SoftPerfect Network ScannerMelakukan scan network merupakan alat untuk mengidentifikasi host
yang aktif di dalam sebuah jaringan, baik untuk menganalisis penilaian
tujuan atau keamanan, anda mungkin perlu beberapa alat untuk membantu
dalam melakukan latihan tersebut. Ada banyak alat pemindaian jaringan di
luar sana, beberapa dari mereka adalah gratis, beberapa dari mereka
dikenakan biaya dan beberapa dari mereka adalah alat hardware.<br />
SoftPerfect Network Scanner tidak hanya menyediakan kemampuan
pemindaian jaringan, hal itu juga memungkinkan anda untuk melakukan
pengecekan pada LAN, monitor services, monitor registry, monitor WMI,
dan juga beberapa fitur lain yang dapat anda gunakan untuk memecahkan
masalah jaringan, seperti Telnet, SMTP, dll.<br />
<br />
<img alt="1 Scan Jaringan menggunakan SoftPerfect Network Scanner" class="aligncenter" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpw_jo-0Em8zbWA8U__FFRiiP4jw9NJoq3qxIEcJZ0O-GtXbtSpq3-xvTf-vqACBhE2pUOjZEnnqOpjVpgHzpYp5gXJ9EQElMhie0nRyvgosP7DFR9AL-W9bY8AwEwZeeH43jfKx8Qmgr9/s1600/1.png" title="Scan Jaringan menggunakan SoftPerfect Network Scanner" width="210" /><br />
<br />
Selain itu, alat ini juga memungkinkan anda untuk membangun remote
mesin, semua yang perlu anda lakukan adalah kunci dalam alamat target
mesin MAC, dan kemudian mengeluarkan instruksi membangun. Salah satu
kelemahan untuk alat ini, alat ini tidak memberikan kemampuan menyimpan
catatan pencarian dalam bentuk database.<br />
<br />
<img alt="2 Scan Jaringan menggunakan SoftPerfect Network Scanner" class="aligncenter" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLtmObqqDhSSd_xStGegshAT_C2a3wQnOuBst_-5GgvcauTUW2rYr7BYNZPZxuZeSpyqoOPIG5QmdC0KP8C__MbAYvpeurxpfbK5XjWjKMvcAWrjIeU68AkCPs8hWaZVwemgVpiczdd883/s1600/2.png" title="Scan Jaringan menggunakan SoftPerfect Network Scanner" width="499" /><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.softperfect.com/products/networkscanner/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download SoftPerfect Network Scanner</a>maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-69928230468279891072012-09-17T08:32:00.000-07:002012-09-17T08:32:07.223-07:00Uji Kinerja DNS Server anda<div class="post-content">
Mungkin ada banyak contoh di mana server DNS anda kadang memiliki
masalah dan sebagai hasilnya banyak situs yang tidak terbuka dengan
benar atau berjalan dengan lambat. DNS Performance Test adalah alat freeware
portabel yang dapat memeriksa kinerja server DNS anda dan menunjukkan
hasilnya. Jika kinerja buruk anda dapat mempertimbangkan perubahan untuk
membuka DNS atau bahkan Google DNS server. Aplikasi ini akan memeriksa
DNS query time dan berdasarkan waktu rata-rata, tingkat server DNS.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="DNS Uji Kinerja DNS Server anda dengan DNS Performance Test" class="aligncenter" height="415" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgLKIwUYUkN-xnebMISNB5JLjXa_bTXYaWr0Vq-BOuL3yJ8Asrnl5OTjtFZKALzyg58O3KiyGP3lRHkJOkkYLnW5M3Dx81X57bKFEWTpzF1NwuHVooCcOd0PUaoSfXN5JKDd2VWAh7dmJ/s1600/DNS.png" title="Uji Kinerja DNS Server anda dengan DNS Performance Test" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Aplikasi ini melakukan dengan cara yang sederhana, yang akan
menyelesaikan alamat IP secara acak dari daftar termasuk dari 10.000
nama <a href="http://www.netmild.com/tag/domain" title="domain">domain</a>
di dalam file domains.txt. Aplikasi ini dilengkapi dengan file teks
yang memiliki sekitar 10000 + domain yang terdaftar. Anda juga dapat
menambahkan domain anda sendiri untuk daftar atau menghapus domain yang
tidak perlu dari daftar domain yang terdapat pada file domains.txt.<br />
<br />
<img alt="DNS stats Uji Kinerja DNS Server anda dengan DNS Performance Test" class="aligncenter" height="415" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoLKSDuME07xgl-0WVMYD9WJvheBefhuaDsN9b2dA6RiCltA_S769ZYzTwKKyn7-aTFGqGYsGeRaIXIN2DpeNOyAa4nTVc_m5dEbWeHAs8ja9BvhWyfk2tQ9nGEUuD_ObzGBfSFvRjwmjm/s1600/DNS-stats.png" title="Uji Kinerja DNS Server anda dengan DNS Performance Test" width="500" /><br />
<br />
<span class="download">http://swmirror.zapto.org/cms/index.php/software-download/dns-performance-test/</span><br />
</div>
maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-73115692646778596412012-09-17T08:30:00.004-07:002012-09-17T08:30:46.391-07:00Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network<div class="post-content">
Bila anda menyalin dan menyisipkan file dan folder pada drive
Windows hard drive atau CD, ada kecepatan transfer yang terkait
dengannya. Tidak ada cara langsung untuk mengukur kecepatan membaca dan
menulis pada hard drive, drive CD dan juga drive jaringan. Parkdale
adalah alat freeware
untuk Windows yang memungkinkan anda mengukur kecepatan membaca dan
menulis. anda dapat menemukan kecepatan transfer untuk hard disk, cd rom
perangkat dan server jaringan.<br />
<br />
<img alt="Parkdale QuickAccess Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network" class="aligncenter" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimVZINMZcBM2SswkR_jTVyzvMbxFV6q7MVexxrCjm0WFcfTgrpkwtboljkEVKdego_nRBMpFC5DrqbAgn6y8a_-g9NXNfRgwhjQFq7VRGQ8A68FSGsNEQzFd1Nzc4q9e3klkDUxPwFogs/s1600/Parkdale-QuickAccess.png" title="Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Alat
ini tidak memerlukan instalasi pada Windows jadi ketika anda
menjalankan alat ini akan menampilkan semua disk drive yang tersedia di
Windows anda dan anda dapat memilih drive dan menjalankan alat untuk
menentukan membaca dan menulis kecepatan hard disk anda. Selanjutnya
anda dapat menyesuaikan ukuran blok yang dipakai untuk mengakses disk.<br />
<img alt="Parkdale FileAccess Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network" class="aligncenter" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcSUWsgDdOTCU2aO28BWCMop8v9IlDRd80tCM7XT4XYMZV-88YPw00jnqsKYWU4O7eH3rc39cWemBDlaj5LBfclSObay3RvZKN6yNegQik6TwwFBqS77gksFnot4u6vkemoy3d0RkIr8k/s1600/Parkdale-FileAccess.png" title="Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Anda
juga dapat menggunakan mode FileAccess di mana data pengujian yang
dibaca dari / ditulis ke file normal yang menggunakan sistem file. Modus
lain adalah BlockAccsess mode dimana data uji dibaca dari / ditulis ke
disk secara langsung tanpa menggunakan sistem berkas.<br />
<br />
<img alt="Parkdale BlockAccess Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network" class="aligncenter" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha7jwoyjcsNObxyA7nTkzLq6lq0h8Lp6qKhEGgh4UN6bC_o5kQlsvKcjhJ_a6PPFXymqu1Uu8JcurWXSxIMhf43SXZXmID-2lOJHK2jdaOz_CNwyHCojgWi7fmfjtwT-DZBbWw0Zsk7aQ/s1600/Parkdale-BlockAccess.png" title="Mengukur Baca dan Tulis Kecepatan Hard Disk, Drives CD dan Network" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Secara keseluruhan Parkdale adalah alat yang bagus untuk menentukan kecepatan baca dan tulis pada Windows hard drive, CD / DVD drive dan drive Network.<br />
<br />
<span class="download">http://thesz.diecru.eu/content/parkdale.php</span><br />
<br />
<span class="download">Sumber : NetMild </span><br />
</div>
maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-17210998974174032742012-09-17T08:26:00.003-07:002012-09-17T08:26:34.078-07:00Pantau Lalu Lintas Jaringan<div class="post-content">
<strong>NetworkTrafficView</strong> adalah aplikasi <a href="http://www.netmild.com/tag/freeware" title="freeware">freeware</a>
dari Nirsoft yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk memantau lalu lintas
jaringan. Ini adalah alat monitor jaringan yang menangkap paket melalui
adaptor jaringan anda, dan menampilkan statistik umum tentang lalu
lintas jaringan. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">NetworkTrafficView</span>
bisa membantu untuk mengetahui semua lalu lintas jaringan dan memeriksa
apakah ada malwares atau spywares transmisi informasi ke <a href="http://www.netmild.com/tag/internet" title="internet">internet</a>. Aplikasi ini didukung pada semua versi Windows, mulai dari Windows 2000 dan sampai ke <a href="http://www.netmild.com/tag/windows-7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, termasuk 64-bit.<br />
<br />
<img alt="properties NetworkTrafficView alat Pantau Lalu Lintas Jaringan" class="aligncenter" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuI55kywKKmXlp7BOAvJN7fLafhwsP7ejXUgd67eug8axecuEGv2pm_cgY6EzYFg2Z5I2HYYHgyTknnwUwni90K8D3yOf_WPLrGI8c37QVH4K42UfTzROWJ_RfczW1shW63i_k6A3s_No/s1600/properties.png" title="NetworkTrafficView alat Pantau Lalu Lintas Jaringan" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Statistik
paket dikelompokkan oleh Jenis Ethernet, IP Protokol, Source / Tujuan
Alamat, dan Sumber / Tujuan port. Untuk setiap baris statistik,
informasi berikut ini tampilan: Ethernet Type (IPv4, IPv6, ARP), IP
Protokol (TCP, UDP, ICMP), Alamat Sumber, Tujuan Alamat, port sumber,
port tujuan, Name Service (http, ftp, dan sebagainya), paket Hitung,
Jumlah paket Ukuran, Jumlah data Ukuran, Speed ??Data, maksimum Speed
??Data, Ukuran paket rata-rata, Pertama / Waktu paket terakhir, Durasi,
dan proses ID / Nama (Untuk koneksi TCP).<br />
<br />
Anda mungkin perlu memilih adaptor jaringan untuk memonitor lalu
lintas, pastikan anda menjalankan alat dalam modus administrator untuk
mendapatkan rincian.<br />
<em>NetworkTrafficView</em> merupakan aplikasi portabel dan tidak
memerlukan instalasi. Anda dapat menekan F6 untuk menghentikan aktivitas
monitor lalu lintas jaringan, F5 untuk memulai lagi, atau Ctrl + X
untuk menghapus statistik jaringan lalu lintas saat ini.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="download"><a href="http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/network_traffic_view.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">NettworkTraffiView</a></span><br />
<span class="download">Sumber : NetMild </span><br />
</div>
maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-84603281700524868022012-09-17T08:24:00.004-07:002012-09-17T08:24:57.948-07:00Internet Monitoring Untuk Windows<div class="post-content">
Saat ini jaringan internet
dan sosial menjadi sangat populer, tetapi yang menjadi korban cyber
bullying adalah anak-anak karena kebanyakan mereka tidak pernah tahu
isu-isu tersebut kepada orang tua. Untuk memantau masalah dan
menghindari para anak selalu dalam pengawasan anda bisa gunakan alat
berikut. Qustodio adalah alat freeware
bagus yang membantu anda melindungi anak-anak anda secara online. Anda
dapat melihat bagaimana mereka menggunakan Internet, menetapkan batas
akses yang sehat, dan melindungi terhadap konten berbahaya atau tidak
patut, cyberbullying, dan predator online.<br />
Download dan lakukan instalasi, proses instalasi mungkin membutuhkan
waktu dan pengaturan seperti berapa jumlah anak di dalam rumah. Anda
dapat mengatur account untuk anak-anak pada Windows atau menggunakan
account yang ada. Anda juga dapat mengatur aplikasi untuk dijalankan
dalam modus tersembunyi di Windows atau bekerja dari system tray. Untuk
memonitor penggunaan, Anda perlu membuat account dengan Qustodio dan
semua kegiatan yang diperbarui dalam situs. Anda juga dapat mengatur
daftar situs yang dapat dibuka (kategori) dengan menggunakan alat
online.<br />
<br />
<img alt="configure Qustodio Parental control dan Internet Monitoring Untuk Windows" class="aligncenter" height="271" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kqa_tj8Pf-I/TvKzAvuvE1I/AAAAAAAAGM8/Z_RpAjZ1Ipg/s1600/configure.gif" title="Qustodio Parental control dan Internet Monitoring Untuk Windows" width="358" />Klik
pada menu tray dan klik Confogure, sebuah jendela browser akan terbuka
dan meminta anda untuk login untuk memulai pengaturan. Pada jendela
pengaturan silahkan anda pilih kategori website yang ingin anda block.<br />
<img alt="Website category Qustodio Parental control dan Internet Monitoring Untuk Windows" class="aligncenter" height="247" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Rxi7t7Ud6rI/TvK3ehWeaOI/AAAAAAAAGNI/qpX3ZVLE8GQ/s1600/Website-category.png" title="Qustodio Parental control dan Internet Monitoring Untuk Windows" width="520" />Cukup
mudah bukan untuk menghindari anak dari hal yang berbahaya di internet,
jika anda mempunyai beberapa komputer anda cukup install di komputer
lainya.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="download"><a href="http://www.qustodio.com/download" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download Qustodio</a></span><br />
<span class="download">Sumber : NetMild</span><br />
</div>
maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-25158938137901742212012-09-17T08:21:00.002-07:002012-09-17T08:21:32.624-07:00Nmap - Network MapperNmap (“Network Mapper”) adalah gratis dan open source (lisensi)
utilitas untuk eksplorasi jaringan atau audit keamanan. Banyak sistem
dan administrator jaringan juga menemukan hal berguna untuk tugas-tugas
seperti persediaan jaringan, mengelola jadwal layanan upgrade, dan host
pemantauan atau uptime layanan. Nmap menggunakan paket IP raw dalam cara
yang baru untuk menentukan apakah host yang tersedia pada jaringan,
layanan apa (nama aplikasi dan versi) host-host yang menawarkan, sistem
operasi (dan versi OS) mereka sedang berjalan, jenis paket filter / firewall apa yang sedang digunakan, dan puluhan karakteristik lain.<br />
Ini dirancang untuk quick scan jaringan yang besar, tetapi bekerja
dengan baik terhadap host tunggal. Nmap berjalan pada semua sistem
operasi komputer besar, dan paket biner resmi yang tersedia untuk Linux,
Windows, dan Mac OS X. Selain executable baris perintah klasik Nmap,
suite Nmap menyertakan GUI yang maju dan penampil hasil (Zenmap),
transfer data yang fleksibel, pengalihan, dan alat debugging (NCAT),
sebuah utilitas untuk membandingkan hasil scan (Ndiff), dan generasi
paket dan alat analisis respon (Nping).<br />
<br />
<img alt="zenmap Powerful Security Scanner Eksplorasi Jaringan & Hacking" class="aligncenter" height="448" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qfazJvYwAAM/TwiKXSYq1pI/AAAAAAAAGbc/EhJ9zzWJyfU/s1600/zenmap.png" title="Powerful Security Scanner Eksplorasi Jaringan & Hacking" width="520" /><br />
<ul class="bullet-2">
<li>Fleksibel: Mendukung puluhan teknik-teknik canggih untuk pemetaan
jaringan diisi dengan filter IP, firewall, router, dan kendala lainnya.
Ini termasuk mekanisme scanning banyak port (TCP & UDP baik), OS
deteksi, deteksi versi, ping sweeps, dan banyak lagi.</li>
<li>Powerfull: Nmap telah digunakan untuk memindai jaringan besar ratusan ribu mesin.</li>
<li>Portabel: Sebagian besar sistem operasi yang didukung, termasuk
Linux, Microsoft Windows, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, IRIX, Mac OS X,
HP-UX, NetBSD, Sun OS, Amiga, dan banyak lagi.</li>
<li>Mudah: Meskipun Nmap menawarkan serangkaian kaya fitur-fitur canggih
bagi pengguna listrik, anda dapat mulai keluar sebagai hanya sebagai
“nmap-v-A targethost”. Kedua baris perintah tradisional dan grafis (GUI)
versi yang tersedia sesuai preferensi anda. Binari tersedia bagi mereka
yang tidak ingin mengkompilasi Nmap dari sumber.</li>
<li>Gratis: Tujuan utama dari Proyek Nmap adalah untuk membantu membuat Internet
sedikit lebih aman dan memberikan administrator / auditor / hacker
dengan alat canggih untuk menjelajahi jaringan mereka. Nmap tersedia
untuk download gratis, dan juga dilengkapi dengan full source code bahwa
anda dapat memodifikasi dan mendistribusikan dibawah syarat-syarat
lisensi.</li>
<li>Well Documented: signifikan upaya telah dimasukkan ke dalam halaman
manual komprehensif dan up-to-date, whitepaper, tutorial, dan bahkan
seluruh buku! dan berisi dalam berbagai bahasa di sini.</li>
<li>Supported: Meskipun Nmap tidak bergaransi, tetapi didukung oleh
komunitas yang dinamis dari pengembang dan pengguna. Sebagian besar dari
interaksi ini terjadi pada milis Nmap.</li>
<li>Acclaimed: Nmap telah memenangkan berbagai penghargaan, termasuk
“Produk Keamanan Informasi of the Year” oleh Linux Journal, Info Dunia
dan Codetalker Digest. Telah ditampilkan dalam ratusan artikel majalah,
beberapa film, puluhan buku, dan satu seri buku komik.</li>
<li>Populer: Ribuan orang download Nmap setiap hari, dan termasuk dengan
banyak sistem operasi (Redhat Linux, Debian Linux, Gentoo, FreeBSD,
OpenBSD, dll). Hal ini antara sepuluh besar (dari 30.000) program di
repositori Freshmeat.Net.</li>
</ul>
maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-14389084161585568262012-09-17T08:20:00.003-07:002012-09-17T08:20:35.164-07:00Mengambil Semua History Dari Semua Web Browser<div class="post-content">
Anda mungkin menggunakan beberapa web browser pada Windows dan
semua browser memiliki sejarah browsing kecuali jika anda menggunakan
private mode. Setiap browser memiliki cara sendiri untuk mengambil
riwayat browsing dan itu dapat membosankan untuk mencari atau ketika
anda ingin meng export riwayatnya.<br />
BrowserHistorySpy adalah aplikasi freeware portabel yang dapat
mengambil riwayat browsing di satu tempat. Secara otomatis mendeteksi
file database sejarah yang tepat berdasarkan browser dan konfigurasi
pengguna saat ini. Anda juga dapat secara manual menentukan file sejarah
yang berbeda untuk browser Firefox dan Chrome. Hal ini berguna ketika
anda harus recover history dari sistem lain.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="browserHostory Mengambil Semua History Dari Semua Web Browser" class="aligncenter" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQBXHFO4wjP3tjsOg5gDOi9Yq3XGxEsz2Yh5IVueyh_9wYCVuIwnrUfqJmWK6nUEwxOJLxRXzkShuDTsQ-9xrgxQXkmrgOpguZU6T29-3fzDib67CQn7onYH7-7IJHaIsR3vDXMyE82jM/s1600/browserHostory.png" title="Mengambil Semua History Dari Semua Web Browser" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Aplikasi ini mendukung Firefox, Google Chrome dan Internet Explorer untuk membantu anda memulihkan dan melihat riwayat browsing web dari browser lokal anda.<br />
Anda dapat mengekspor daftar recovered history ke file HTML atau XML
untuk penggunaan dan bekerja pada sebagian besar platform Windows mulai
dari Windows XP ke Windows 7.<br />
<br />
<span class="download"><a href="http://securityxploded.com/download-file.php?id=1575" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Download BrowserHistorySpy</a></span><br />
<span class="download">Sumber : MildNet </span><br />
</div>
maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-29985514182582514092012-09-17T08:19:00.001-07:002012-09-17T08:19:30.336-07:00Network Management Tool (Network Stuff)Network Stuff adalah aplikasi freeware
untuk Windows yang dilengkapi dengan utilitas beberapa jaringan dengan
menawarkan sebuah paket lengkap untuk jaringan dan manajemen remote. Ini
mencakup empat jenis scan, DNS, WHOIS, IP Address,
paket rincian, berbagai statistik dan WOL (Wake On LAN). Aplikasi ini
bisa anda gunakan jika anda seorang Administrator jaringan yang dapat
anda gunakan untuk memantau dan mengelola jaringan lokal dan kegiatan
jaringan lainnya dengan menggunakan alat ini.<br />
<br />
<img alt="largeImg Network Management Tool Dengan Network Stuff" class="aligncenter" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFFBO40ttNk4o6qzNJVVHYxQydwBlP6zuC5ixwkMs4LxBWluIFt9sn7natQXxK546MQJW5WJF3cJxZljyMWQIKlB-F-421qdCLywjRR1S155KJfkAiC2ISutDKcMoziFVcadA_mXVC9lM/s1600/largeImg.png" title="Network Management Tool Dengan Network Stuff" width="500" /><br />
<br />
Antarmuka
tersusun menjadi beberapa tab yang berbeda, tapi ketika anda mulai
operasi tertentu, maka akan terbuka di bagian bawah, yang membuatnya
sedikit berantakan. Tapi aplikasi memiliki banyak fitur yang membuatnya
berguna bagi administrator jaringan.<br />
Alat ini meliputi:<br />
<ul>
<li>TCP/UDP telnet</li>
<li>Ping/traceroute</li>
<li>DNS resolver</li>
<li>Whois</li>
<li>Arp</li>
<li>Stats and TCP/UDP/IP tables (iphelper functions)</li>
<li>TCP/UDP/ICMP/CGI multithreaded scan (TCP and CGI scan could be done throw HTTP or socks proxy)</li>
<li>Raw packet capture (multiple options including application name)</li>
<li>Raw packet forging</li>
<li>Wake on LAN and Remote Shutdown</li>
<li>Interactive TCP/UDP Transparent Proxy</li>
</ul>
Sumber : MildNet maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-10098109632774771902012-09-17T08:18:00.000-07:002012-09-17T08:18:08.770-07:00Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpotWindows 7 dan Vista memiliki fitur ad-hoc koneksi jaringan, yang berarti anda dapat berbagi internet ke perangkat lain jika wireless PC anda diaktifkan. mHotspot adalah alat lain yang freeware
untuk Windows yang dapat mengaktifkan koneksi Internet anda menjadi
hotspot Wifi dalam dua langkah. Alat ini sangat sederhana dan mudah
digunakan.<br />
Jalankan file<a href="http://mhotspot.com/download.html" target="_blank"> mhotspot.exe</a> (klik ‘yes’ jika meminta akses).<br />
1. Pilih tab Setup dan masukkan nama hotspot dan password pilihan anda.<br />
<img alt="setup tab Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" class="aligncenter" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggwLPCXe6Cl_Xdczoj7eKq1SGaUP1aUAMy0C4FL9D8bAjMYGWCOU6wAqhiepqstoomC_9ZVW-Jhz9pEs_cPfuyee9tXXYQPHQiOUtFCyMRyELbcWhuSwrQB51frx53FVaGSEQY5SQWLgw/s1600/setup_tab.png" title="Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" width="333" /><br />
2. Sekarang, pilih tab hotspot, klik start hotspot dan “open network and sharing centre”.<br />
<img alt="hotspot tab Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" class="aligncenter" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6231EdUlAe-nGh8bX6vHvH2flWaIKJOOg4bYpE59eQHSNcIUqVxHAj_BNj0Haf3JlfhHNDB0xjk7bn2Ad5UV4Lpz2jrGmxjy9nGWOTwGGqQaOZjj6eozcSjw7IgkVymnVDC6SBi_95Y/s1600/hotspot_tab.png" title="Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" width="334" /><br />
3. Klik pada label biru yang menandakan koneksi internet aktif.
misalnya. Local area connection,PPOE connection, 3G-USB Connection, dll<br />
<br />
<img alt="network+and+sharing Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" class="aligncenter" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwA6sMn6L5JH3am4rM93oK1yChcbfKQxPvfxfnWKzNbQYgiyydxvhZhzhyphenhypheno-BTNlmdl2AbA-3jeSJB9YfHjTcCyD9IDr2AgjxRWxbo3CTvQSxpN3C5pG0-XuaHW4cFPi06e4WWkj2EP3o/s1600/network+and+sharing.png" title="Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" width="500" /><br />
<br />
4. Kemudian jendela baru muncul yang mendakan status koneksi internet anda, klik properies.<br />
<br />
<img alt="properties Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" class="aligncenter" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0QA6g3m8MnQ8bgXwYFKyBS0CpLb2BtMFwPgNNFePyb6ilHszh4cb4cL3ZJse9Bx8kYJP00mWQePDzggmzbC6mzUpF7L5M3xT_zsHoEll75de_9xJlkUHxa53ePRMpPWxcVi_GuZedyfk/s1600/properties.png" title="Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" width="381" /><br />
<br />
5. Buka tab sharing dan centang kotak, “Allow other users to connect
through this computer’s internet connection” dan pilih wireless network
connection 2.<br />
<br />
<img alt="sharing Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" class="aligncenter" height="479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW9fs1_aYpYmPCmhjmagOvkmoFUwqBnYa7g52bZqM6MAmYmXOUViKUsbbnzPsumlqa1h8yAMcS61_McHbjNGmnN6QLXwCRj8N1kGmK_Vmxa6Xnn6VhDT9CHY_O-kKwjQEpAq73jOIswTw/s1600/sharing.png" title="Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" width="378" /><br />
<br />
6. Final View<br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="internetaccess Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" class="aligncenter" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWyzEZRTsDQWZSvjlkQ-OLsqRjH5RfW6E-n_TbwBk0jfY8DJ_5Y1mTe6bCcAXX3h-S9K5tQZTycvtDbpnVjYbox7flZrzKC2BojxbmLjWLZu4Vru1ilfa3t4hjsNW5cwp1IV2QQK5cYHs/s1600/internetaccess.png" title="Cara Share Koneksi Internet Melalui WiFi dengan mHotSpot" width="500" />maltekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09496552304833594297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-14311336547295835562012-07-25T03:28:00.000-07:002012-07-25T03:29:37.722-07:00Wi-Fi and 3G Hubs Banned From Olympics<br />
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="image ltsm" id="test" style="float: left; list-style: none; margin: 10px 10px 10px 0px; max-width: 180px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><img alt="" height="119" src="http://zapp5.staticworld.net/images/article/2012/07/london-olympics-thumb180-11382606.jpg" style="border: none; clear: both; display: block; float: left; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: auto; max-width: 606px; padding: 0px;" width="180" /></span>The <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/244835/london_wires_up_for_2012_olympic_games.html" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">London Olympics</a> will be the first since the launch of Apple's iPad and the explosion in <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/iphone-apps/166/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">iPhone apps</a> and <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/android-apps/375/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Android apps</a> but there's a long list of tech devices that are banned from the Games.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Of course the list of prohibited items includes some obvious stuff: knives, guns, CS spray, explosives and stunning devices.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
But there's also an <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/appguide/browse.html?collection=12846&platform=1" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Olympic</a> list of prohibited tech devices.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
On the Olympic list of banned tech devices: Walkie-talkies, phone jammers, radio scanners, laser pointers and strobe lights.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
A first for any <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/259576/olympics_tech_managers_brace_for_the_test.html" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Olympic Games</a> is the ban on personal or private wireless access points and 3G hubs, which are not allowed at London Olympics events and venues.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/advisor/iphone/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">iPhones</a>, <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/apple-ipad/295/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">iPads</a>, and <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/google-android-phones/255/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Android phones</a> and <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/tablet-pcs/191/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">tablets</a> are permitted inside venues, but must not be used as wireless access points to connect multiple devices. No mention of <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/blackberry-phones/265/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">BlackBerry phones</a> or<a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/windows-phones/260/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Windows phones</a> is made by the Olympic police.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Non-commercial <a href="http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/advisor/photo/" style="clear: none; color: #1c609f; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">photography and video</a> is permitted but on the banned list are large photographic and broadcast equipment over 30cm in length, including tripods and monopods.<br />
<br />
Sumber : PC World</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09536363326393531591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-15486676823908819472012-06-11T02:44:00.001-07:002012-06-11T02:45:59.576-07:00Google beefs up Apps to comply with EU data protection rules<div id="first_paragraph">
<span class="source"></span>Google will now include additional provisions in its Apps sales
contracts with E.U. customers to offer more assurances about the data
they store in Google data centers.</div>
The special safeguards come in
the form of contractual "model clauses," which the E.U. developed to
establish provisions and procedures for protecting data when transferred
outside of the E.U. boundaries.<br />
Data that Google Apps customers
generate is stored, along with the suite software, in Google servers.
The Google Apps cloud-based suite includes email, calendaring,
productivity applications, intranet software and IT controls.<br />
Including
these E.U. "model clauses" in Apps contracts is "an additional means of
meeting the adequacy and security requirements of the European
Commission's Data Protection Directive," wrote Marc Crandall, senior
manager of global compliance, Google Enterprise, in a <a href="http://googleenterprise.blogspot.com/2012/06/google-apps-to-offer-additional.html">blog post</a>.<br />
Google's
privacy policies and practices have been a recurrent source of concern
and criticism in the E.U. for years, and have led to some investigations
and sanctions.<br />
The company is confident that this step, along
with its existing certifications and standards compliance for data
security, "will provide our customers with an even wider palette of EU
regulatory compliance options," Crandall wrote.<br />
Microsoft took a
similar step late last year regarding inclusion of these "model clauses"
in its Office 365 contracts with E.U. customers. Office 365 is a direct
competitor to Google Apps. It includes cloud-based versions of
Exchange, SharePoint, Office and Lync.<br />
Google, Microsoft and
other providers of enterprise cloud software are constantly seeking to
comply with data security standards, rules and recommendations in the
U.S., Europe and elsewhere. These measures reduce legal liability and
concern over this issue among existing and prospective customers,
especially those in highly-regulated industries, like government, health
care and finance.<br />
<i>Juan Carlos Perez covers enterprise
communication/collaboration suites, operating systems, browsers and
general technology breaking news for </i>The IDG News Service<i>. Follow Juan on Twitter at <a href="http://twitter.com/JuanCPerezIDG" target="_blank">@JuanCPerezIDG</a>.</i><br />
<br />
<i>Sumber : Computer World </i>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09536363326393531591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-20997760657561212592012-06-07T21:57:00.001-07:002012-06-07T21:57:10.990-07:00High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router (R20000G)<span id="intellitxt"></span><br />
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n">
<img alt="275" border="0" class="photo" height="250" src="http://www5.pcmag.com/media/images/346871-amped-primary.jpg?thumb=y" width="275" />
</a>
<br />
<br />
<ul class="gallery">
<li>
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D0,00.asp?p=n">
<img alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Router" border="0" class="" height="85" src="http://www8.pcmag.com/media/images/345354-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-router.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n">
<img alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Adapter" border="0" class="" height="85" src="http://www8.pcmag.com/media/images/345357-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-adapter.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D2,00.asp?p=n">
<img alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Set" border="0" class="" height="85" src="http://www7.pcmag.com/media/images/345358-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-set.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n">VIEW SLIDESHOW<span class="btn-view"> </span></a><span id="intellitxt"></span><br />
The Amped Wireless High Power Wireless-N 600mW
Gigabit Dual Band Router (R20000G) is a dual-band 802.11n router from a
relatively young company in the networking space, Amped Wireless. The
company's focus is more on range than with throughput speeds. Range is a
worthy focus; however, testing did not show any great range or
performance improvements over similarly-priced dual-bands from Netgear,
Cisco Linksys, or Buffalo. Range increases quite a bit though, when the
R20000G is paired with Amped Wireless' High Power Wireless-N Directional
Dual Band USB Adapter (UA2000) and by updating the router with the
latest firmware.<br />
The R2000G offers a good setup process, some advanced capabilities
and decent throughput. Still, the $179.99 price is hard to justify when
you can get dual-band routers such as the Netgear N900 and Cisco
Linksys EA4500 that can support as much as 450 Mbps under ideal RF
conditions on both bands for nearly the same price. The R20000G <span class="zdcse-wrapper" id="zdcse_ewycf1_941000568"> (<a class="zdcse" data-affiliate-nextag="941000568" href="http://prf.hn/click/foreign_identifier:53461/pubref:%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C2405150%2C00.asp/destination:http%3A%2F%2Fpcmag.nextag.com%2Fgoto.jsp%3Fp%3D53461%26search%3D%26syndctx%3DAQB-PZHRRxJB-1BSuKBlO3bDYGGPl1HJgTqSlHEruLmjErmwWkKLl4xznZA%7E%26url%3D%252Fnorob%252FPtitleSeller.jsp%253Ftag%253D1115461952%2526ptitle%253D941000568%2526lgsearch%253D%2526lgnode%253D0%2526chnl%253Dpcmag01%2526ctx%253DeDnSF%25252Be1r5OzcDDCLefLjj3Hz4Nw7rd%25252BbOxwouEGhsq05POo4Zrfd2Pe24Q89E98PYeiTCK%25252BcAfqC8rmSqYap%25252FIDAr4SBGPxp1m7IJoUGA2c09JUBkeNxA8efRqycQFtvSJFRaDnhiS4LQp5uZwWxzeFmG86ymG4%25252FAUUGQDdQJFY4878yxR%25252B3NkB0%25252BX5fhiTKUm6jEiCqPHBs7LBb9CGL4SbsgzbxJoDSpzHSyhw1DTmIaUH1fJFbC%25252FYa8mrRBpgCh4t32L63ZKQFjoHYbOq5J7oNx6NaSOWUNbIUUta5ugay6D7db9iohwwoHjNp1z2uvUqG2cfEDl90YPKRJ99IRyd40uzIPCdYKsETbDHMFdx2RAobesztpktDkQ15G2Yz9flTSoC4qh043pLhMGqhA%25253D%25253D%26t%3Dzdcse%3A%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C2405150%2C00.asp" rel="nofollow" style="display: inline;" target="_blank" title="Get the Ampedwireless High Power WIRELESS-N 600MW Gigabit Dual Band Router (R20000G) from TigerDirect.com for $169.99">Best Deal: $169.99 at TigerDirect.com</a>)</span>, on the other hand, supports up to 300 Mbps on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. <a class="" href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404627,00.asp">Buffalo AirStation AC1300/N900 Gigabit Dual Band WZR-D1800H</a> can now actually support up to 1300 Mbps on the 5 GHz band, thanks to the 802.11ac draft standard it incorporates.<br />
<div class="splashRibbon">
<h3>
<a class="left" href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n"><span class="title">View Slideshow</span></a>
<a class="right" href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n"><span class="viewAll">See all <span class="contrast"><b>(5)</b></span> slides</span></a>
</h3>
<div class="slidecontent">
<div class="slides">
<div class="slideHolder first">
<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n">
<img align="align" alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Router" height="85" src="http://www8.pcmag.com/media/images/345354-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-router.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
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<img align="align" alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Adapter" height="85" src="http://www8.pcmag.com/media/images/345357-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-adapter.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
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<img align="align" alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Set" height="85" src="http://www7.pcmag.com/media/images/345358-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-set.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
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<img align="align" alt="Amped High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router(and Adapter) : Set" height="85" src="http://www7.pcmag.com/media/images/345356-amped-high-power-wireless-n-600mw-gigabit-dual-band-router-and-adapter-set.jpg?thumb=y" width="85" />
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<a href="http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D298540%2526a%253D297951%2526po%253D1,00.asp?p=n"><span>More</span></a></div>
</div>
</div>
<strong>Specs</strong><br />The 20000G has two external 5dBi antennas
which are detachable. The router has 600mW amplifiers to boost transmit
power plus low noise amplifiers to increase receiving sensitivity.<br />
As mentioned, both of the R20000G's bands can support up to 300 Mbps.
The device is wall mountable and also ships with a stand so it can
operate horizontally. The rear panel has four Gigabit LAN ports, a
Gigabit WAN port, reset button, WPS button, and a USB 2.0 port for
connecting storage devices. Printers are currently not supported but
Amped states support will be made available in a future firmware update.<br />
The router has a cooling vent on top of its casing as well as vents
on the bottom. Still, it ran a bit warm after a day of uptime.<br />
<strong>Setup</strong><br />While the R20000G does not offer the
wireless, practically automated setup of the latest Cisco Linksys
EA-branded routers, the setup process is quick and easy and very well
documented in the setup guide that ships with the device. Setup requires
connecting an Ethernet cable from the computer used to setup the
router, to one of the LAN ports on the router.<br />
Once connected, it’s just a matter of opening up a Web browser to
setup.ampedwireless.com (or to the router's IP address). This brings up
the Smart Setup Wizard within the interface. The wizard can
automatically detect the type of WAN connection. My connection was set
up in about 10 seconds.<br />
After the WAN is detected you have to re-log back into the interface,
but logging back in is a smooth process. When I logged back in, the
wizard picked up right where I had left off before I was forced to log
out.<br />
Setup then walks you through configuring the system time and wireless
settings. By default, the SSID and security are already configured with
WPA/WPA2 encryption. If you tweak the wireless settings, such as
changing the SSID for example, the router requires a reboot. The reboot
was initially a lengthy 120 seconds, but a firmware update that came out
as I was testing knocked that time down to 30 seconds.<br />
The setup process is very good. The interface and setup documentation
is among the most polished and detailed I've seen in the router market.
The install guide doesn't just tell you how to setup the router and
then leave you on your own; you’re given detailed instruction on how to
connect Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android devices. There's even a section
that answers questions about common problems that can crop out during a
router install.<br />
<span id="intellitxt"></span><br />
<strong>Smart Features and Performance</strong><br />Although
the setup guide and instruction seem targeted to newbies, the router
has some pretty advanced capabilities. It supports up to four WLANs.
There are also some features I haven’t seen in too many consumer routers
such as IAPP (Inter-Access Point Protocol) and WLAN partitioning.<br />
The interface provides an Access Schedule feature used to disable or
enable the wireless radios based on day and time. Smart features are
features included to allow users to control access on the network. For
example, you can block content by URL or keywords. I typed in "Facebook"
and not only was the site blocked, but any site referencing the name
"Facebook" was inaccessible. Obviously you'd have to be careful what
keywords you used, as this could quickly get out of hand. The blocking
took affect as soon as the setting was applied without having to refresh
the browser and disabling the block, lifted the restriction just as
quick.<br />
Other features include support for VPN pass through, IPV6 pass
through, DMZ, port forwarding and protection against threats such as
Denial-of-Service attacks.<br />
One feature that puzzles me is "Wireless Coverage." This allows you
set how far the SSID broadcasts by specifying the coverage percent which
ranges in increments from 15 percent to 100 percent. Coverage is set to
100 percent by default, and I can't imagine any reason to lower it. If
you don't want anyone to see your SSID, you can simply not broadcast it,
you can manually connect to a wireless network that isn't broadcasting.
The co-founder of Amped Wireless told me that customers have requested
this capability; if anyone reading this is one of the requestors, please
let me know why you need this feature.<br />
Performance is better than with the first generation of 802.11n
600Mbps routers out several years ago, but nothing spectacular compared
to the double 450 Mbps monsters that some networking vendors are
shipping. In all fairness, the folks at Amped Wireless say their focus
is on range and not speeds. Yet, the range without Amped Wireless'
accompanying USB adapter is not any better than other dual-bands on the
market.<br />
The R2000G was tested using Ixia's IxChariot utility. The wireless
endpoint used in the test is an HP Elitebook 8440w with a 3x3 Intel
Centrino wireless adapter.<br />
From a distance of 5 feet from the router, I got a decent throughput
of 102 Mbps testing at the 2.4 GHz band in Mixed Mode. This is actually
the second highest speed we've tested in at 2.4 GHz Mixed Mode, only
beaten by D-Link's DIR-827 which clocked 125 Mbps. The R20000G is
capable of cranking out good throughput.<br />
What's not so good is that by the time I got 30 feet away from the
router, that throughput dropped to 46 Mbps, more than 50 percent loss.
The DIR-827 managed to sustain decent throughput at 30 feet at 98 Mbps:<br />
<a class="image_popup " height="652" href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2405155,00.asp#" title="340185" width="1177">
R20000G 2.4 GHz Performance Results
</a>
<br />
Range was better running in the 5 GHz mode. From 5 feet the router
managed an OK 107 Mbps from five feet. While this is not as robust
throughput we've been seeing at the 5 GHz band from devices like the
Buffalo WZR-D1800H, which managed 187 Mbps, or the Netgear N900, which
performed at 177 Mbps, the R20000G sustained throughput well, clocking
108 Mbps at 30 feet.<br />
<a class="image_popup " height="819" href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2405155,00.asp#" title="340186" width="1170">
R20000G 5 GHz Performance Results
</a>
<br />In the lab testing environment, which is saturated with RF
interference, I rarely, if ever, see any throughput after 30 feet. I
installed Amped Wireless' UA2000 USB adapter and was pleased to see good
working throughput where I previously had no coverage. The adapters
helped sustain coverage up to about 100 feet in the test area which is a
typical deadspot for most routers, so Amped Wireless claims about
producing hardware focused on range, prove valid.<br />
<strong>Good, But Expensive and Not Great</strong><br />The 20000G
certainly isn't a bad router. It's got good throughput—particularly for
its specs—a well-designed user interface and a nice set of features, an
easy three-star earner. Consumers would not be disappointed with the
20000G, but since there are more robust dual-bands available in the same
price range, the Amped device may be a tough sell in the router market.
If range issues are a specific problem for you, and other routers have
not been satisfactory in your environment, than the RG20000 may be
ideal. For others, there are more powerful dual-bands out there, such as
the Editor's Choice Cisco Linksys EA3500.<br />
<em>More Database Software Reviews:</em><br /><span>• <a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2405150,00.asp">High Power Wireless-N 600mW Gigabit Dual Band Router (R20000G)</a></span><br /><span>• <a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2405056,00.asp">TP-Link 150 Mbps Wireless N Nano Router TL-WR702N</a></span><br /><span>• <a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404627,00.asp">Buffalo AirStation AC1300/N900 Gigabit Dual Band WZR-D1800H</a></span><br /><span>• <a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404619,00.asp">Cisco RV180W Wireless-N Multifunction Router</a></span><br /><span>• <a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404469,00.asp">mydlink App (for Android)</a></span><br /><span>• <a href="http://www.pcmag.com/reviews/routers">more</a></span><br />
<br />
<span>Sumber : Komputer Magazines </span><br />
<br /><br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09536363326393531591noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-68562486295698723432012-06-06T01:36:00.001-07:002012-06-06T01:36:27.343-07:00Facebook joins Google, ISPs in notifying DNSChanger victims<div id="first_paragraph">
<span class="source"></span> Facebook has started notifying victims of the DNSChanger malware who
visit the social networking site that their computers will be cut off
from the Internet on July 9, if they don't clean them until that time.</div>
Facebook's
DNSChanger alerts will include a link the DNSChanger Working Group's
website, which contains more information about the malware and
instructions on how to remove it.<br />
"Earlier this year, Facebook
joined the clean up effort by participating in [http://www.dcwg.org
DNSChanger Working Group], which is comprised of computer security
experts from the public, private, and academic sectors," the Facebook
security team said in a blog post on Monday. "As a result of our work
with the group, Facebook is now able to notify users likely infected
with DNSChanger malware and direct them to instructions on how to clean
their computer or networks."<br />
DNSChanger is a family of Trojan
programs that hijack Web search queries, display malicious
advertisements and redirect users to fake websites. They do this by
forcing infected computers to use DNS servers controlled by attackers.<br />
DNS
servers play a very important role on the Internet -- they translate
domain names into numerical Internet Protocol (IP) addresses that
computers use to communicate with each other. By default, most computers
use DNS servers operated by their respective Internet service providers
(ISPs) -- entities that are implicitly trusted with routing their
connections.<br />
The FBI shut down the DNSChanger operation in
November 2011 following a two-year investigation and temporary replaced
the rogue DNS servers with legitimate ones. The replacement servers are
operated by a non-profit organization called the Internet Systems
Consortium, which also operates one of the Internet's thirteen
authoritative DNS root servers.<br />
A judge initially signed off on
this arrangement until March 8 in order to give ISPs sufficient time to
identify and notify victims. However, the deadline was later extended by
four months.<br />
The replacement servers are now scheduled to be
taken offline on July 9, after which time computers still infected with
the DNSChanger malware will no longer be able to access the Internet.<br />
The
DNSChanger Working Group estimates that there are over 350,000 devices
still infected with DNSChanger, out of the 4 million that were
originally affected by the malware.<br />
Facebook's decision to notify
the owners of the remaining infected computers follows a similar
decision by Google, which started alerting DNSChanger victims through
its search pages on May 22.<br />
<br />
Sumber : Computer WorldAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09536363326393531591noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-64236690737159288152011-10-25T02:32:00.000-07:002011-10-25T02:32:13.700-07:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Tahoma, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"></span><br />
<h2 class="post-title" style="color: #3393c8; font-size: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.beritateknologi.com/att-indikasikan-femtocells-akan-segera-hadir-tahun-ini/" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="AT&T Indikasikan Femtocells Akan Segera Hadir Tahun Ini">AT&T Indikasikan Femtocells Akan Segera Hadir Tahun Ini</a></h2><img alt="att-3g-microcell-femtocell" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-5083" height="198" src="http://www.beritateknologi.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/att-3g-microcell-femtocell.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; float: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 98%; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px;" width="284" />Berdasarkan pernyataan yang dibuat oleh Direktur Eksekutif AT&T Untuk akses jaringan radio pengiriman, Gordon Mansfield, perusahaannya saat ini sedang mempersiapkan Femotcells yang akan segera beredar di pasaran untuk konsumen dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Pria yang dipanggil dengan Mansfield itu pun menuturkan bahwa “Kami akan memperluas (saat ini sedang diuji coba) pemasaran 3G Microcell dengan merk AT&T. Dengan begitu tentunya akan banyak tersedia untuk konsumen di toko-toko yang menjual produk AT&T dimanapun berada. Dan sesuai rencana, Kami akan meluncurkan pada akhir tahun 2009 ini”.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Femtocells sendiri adalah statsiun base yang kecil yang mungkin lebih mirip dengan sebuah wiFi reuter. Sedangkan untuk fungsinya sendiri adalahuntuk memberikan peningkatan jangkauan jaringan selular pada tempat-tempat seperti di rumah ataupun di perkantoran</div><div style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Sumber : beritateknologi.com</div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-83081605620261840202011-10-10T04:51:00.000-07:002011-10-10T04:51:28.494-07:00Mengenal jaringan Ponsel 6 - Apa itu CDMA<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Code division multiple access (CDMA)</b> adalah sebuah bentuk pemultipleksan (bukan sebuah skema pemodulasian) dan sebuah metode akses secara bersama yang membagi kanal tidak berdasarkan waktu (seperti pada TDMA) atau frekuensi (seperti pada FDMA), namun dengan cara mengkodekan data dengan sebuah kode khusus yang diasosiasikan dengan tiap kanal yang ada dan menggunakan sifat-sifat interferensi konstruktif dari kode-kode khusus itu untuk melakukan pemultipleksan.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.riohinta.xtreemhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/cdma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.riohinta.xtreemhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/cdma.jpg" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dalam perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi telepon selular terutama yang berkaitan dengan generasi ke-tiga (3G), CDMA menjadi teknologi pilihan masa depan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">CDMA juga mengacu pada sistem telepon seluler digital yang menggunakan skema akses secara bersama ini,seperti yang diprakarsai oleh Qualcomm.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">CDMA adalah sebuah teknologi militer yang digunakan pertama kali pada Perang Dunia II oleh sekutu Inggris untuk menggagalkan usaha Jerman mengganggu transmisi mereka. Sekutu memutuskan untuk mentransmisikan tidak hanya pada satu frekuensi, namun pada beberapa frekuensi, menyulitkan Jerman untuk menangkap sinyal yang lengkap.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sejak itu CDMA digunakan dalam banyak sistem komunikasi, termasuk pada Global Positioning System (GPS) dan pada sistem satelit OmniTRACS untuk logistik transportasi. Sistem terakhir didesain dan dibangun oleh Qualcomm, dan menjadi cikal bakal yang membantu insinyur-insinyur Qualcomm untuk menemukan Soft Handoff dan kendali tenaga cepat, teknologi yang diperlukan untuk menjadikan CDMA praktis dan efisien untuk komunikasi seluler terrestrial.</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><br />
Teknologi CDMA sendiri memiliki berbagai keuntungan jika diaplikasikan dalam sistem seluler. Keuntungan-keuntungan tersebut antara lain :</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">hanya membutuhkan satu frekuensi yang dibutuhkan untuk beberapa sektor/cell</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"><b> </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">tidak membutuhkan equalizer untuk mengatasi gangguan spektrum sinyal</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Keuntungan_CDMA"><br />
Keuntungan CDMA</span></h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">dapat bergabung dengan metode akses lainnya, tidak membutuhkan penghitung waktu (<i>guard time</i>) untuk melihat rentang waktu dan penjaga pita (<i>guard band</i>) untuk menjaga intervensi antarkanal</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">tidak membutuhkan alokasi dan pengelolaan frekuensi</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">memiliki kapasitas yang halus untuk membatasi para pengguna akses</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">memiliki proteksi dari proses penyadapan</li>
</ul><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Penggunaan_di_dalam_telepon_bergerak"><br />
Penggunaan di dalam telepon bergerak</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sejumlah istilah yang berbeda digunakan untuk mengacu pada penerapan CDMA. Standar pertama yang diprakarsai oleh QUALCOMM dikenal sebagai IS-95, IS mengacu pada sebuah Standar Interim dari Asosiasi Industri Telekomunikasi (<i>Telecommunications Industry Association</i>, TIA) yang terakreditasi oleh <i>American National Standards Institute</i> (ANSI). IS-95 sering disebut sebagai 2G atau seluler generasi kedua. Merk dagang cdmaOne dari QUALCOMM juga digunakan untuk menyebut standar 2G CDMA.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Setelah beberapa kali revisi, IS-95 digantikan oleh standar IS-2000. Standar ini diperkenalkan untuk memenuhi beberapa kriteria yang ada dalam spesifikasi IMT-2000 untuk 3G, atau selular generasi ketiga. Standar ini juga disebut sebagai 1xRTT yang secara sederhana berarti "1 times Radio Transmission Technology" yang mengindikasikan bahwa IS-2000 menggunakan kanal bersama 1.25-MHz sebagaimana yang digunakan standar IS-95 yang asli. Suatu skema terkait yang disebut 3xRTT menggunakan tiga kanal pembawa 1.25-MHz menjadi sebuah lebar pita 3.75-MHz yang memungkinkan laju letupan data (<i>data burst rates</i>) yang lebih tinggi untuk seorang pengguna individual, namun skema 3xRTT belum digunakan secara komersil. Yang terbaru, QUALCOMM telah memimpin penciptaan teknologi baru berbasis CDMA yang dinamakan 1xEV-DO, atau IS-856, yang mampu menyediakan laju transmisi paket data yang lebih tinggi seperti yang dipersyaratkan oleh IMT-2000 dan diinginkan oleh para operator jaringan nirkabel.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">System CDMA QUALCOMM meliputi sinyal waktu yang sangat akurat (biasanya mengacu pada sebuah receiver GPS pada stasiun pusat sel (<i>cell base station</i>)), sehingga jam berbasis telepon seluler CDMA adalah jenis jam radio yang semakin populer untuk digunakan pada jaringan komputer. Keuntungan utama menggunakan sinyal telepon seluler CDMA untuk keperluan jam referensi adalah bahwa mereka akan bekerja lebih baik di dalam bangunan, sehingga menghilangkan kebutuhan untuk memasang sebuah antena GPS di luar bangunan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Yang juga sering dikacaukan dengan CDMA adalah W-CDMA. Teknik CDMA digunakan sebagai prinsip dari antarmuka udara W-CDMA, dan antarmuka udara W-CDMA digunakan di dalam Standar 3G global UMTS dan standar 3G Jepang FOMA, oleh NTT DoCoMo and Vodafone; namun bagaimanapun, keluarga standar CDMA (termasuk cdmaOne dan CDMA2000) tidaklah compatible dengan keluarga standar W-CDMA.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Aplikasi penting lain daripada CDMA, mendahului dan seluruhnya berbeda dengan seluler CDMA, adalah Global Positioning System, GPS.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Detil_teknis"><br />
Detil teknis</span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Dasar_Matematis"><br />
Dasar Matematis</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">CDMA menggunakan orthogonality sebagai inti dari kandungan matematisnya. Misal kita menampilkan sinyal data sebagai vector. Sebagai contoh, rangkaian biner "1011" akan diwakili oleh vektor (1, 0, 1, 1). Kita bisa memberi nama kepada vektor ini, dengan memakai huruf tebal , misal <b>a</b>. Kita juga bisa memakai operasi pada vektor-vektor ini, diketahui sebagai dot product, untuk "mengalikan" vektor-vektor, dengan cara menjumlahkan hasil dari masing2 komponen. Sebagai contoh, <i>dot product</i> dari (1, 0, 1, 1) dan (1, -1, -1, 0) menghasilkan (1)(1)+(0)(-1)+(1)(-1)+(1)(0)=1+-1=0. Dimana <i>dot product</i> dari vector <b>a</b> dan <b>b</b> adalah 0, kita bisa mengatakan dua vektor ini adalah <i>orthogonal</i>.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.riohinta.xtreemhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/cdma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.riohinta.xtreemhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/cdma.jpg" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Hasil dot memiliki beberapa sifat, dan salah satunya akan menolong kita memahami bagaimana CDMA bekerja. Untuk vektor-vektor <b>a</b>, <b>b</b>, <b>c</b>:</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="\mathbf{a}\cdot(\mathbf{b}+\mathbf{c})=\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b}+\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{c},\quad\mathrm{and}" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/3/3/b/33b7d83e5fb6c5d9451196f82cd730ed.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="\mathbf{a}\cdot k\mathbf{b}=k(\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b})." class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/2/6/72659e4155c0e6ffc3c3b34b5007cc18.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">
</dd></dl><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Akar pangkat dua dari <b>a</b>.<b>a</b> adalah bilangan <i>real</i>, dan ini sangat penting. Kita bisa menulis</div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="||\mathbf{a}||=\sqrt{\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{a}}." class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/2/5/0/2509d5aa6cdc7c74b0e541cd993c365b.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">
</dd></dl><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Asumsi vektor2 <i>a</i> dan <i>b</i> adalah orthogonal. Maka:</div><dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="\mathbf{a}\cdot(\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{b})=||\mathbf{a}||^2\quad\mathrm{since}\quad\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b}= ||a||^2+0," class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/3/e/1/3e132f7b01e8c78c8da15712e8a66ab3.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="\mathbf{a}\cdot(-\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{b})=-||\mathbf{a}||^2\quad\mathrm{since}\quad-\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b}= -||a||^2+0," class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/4/5/f/45f9710ec3ce90cd25ce6f178b74af30.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="\mathbf{b}\cdot(\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{b})=||\mathbf{b}||^2\quad\mathrm{since}\quad\mathbf{b}\cdot\mathbf{a}+\mathbf{b}\cdot\mathbf{b}= 0+||b||^2," class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/2/3/d2318cec563da5953c4a641fdcc6197b.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;"><img alt="\mathbf{b}\cdot(\mathbf{a}-\mathbf{b})=-||\mathbf{b}||^2\quad\mathrm{since}\quad\mathbf{b}\cdot\mathbf{a}-\mathbf{b}\cdot\mathbf{b}=0 -||b||^2." class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/9/1/a9168d3b416361324bbebe803822499d.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" /></dd></dl><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Implementasi"><br />
Implementasi</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Generation_of_CDMA.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="79" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Generation_of_CDMA.svg/220px-Generation_of_CDMA.svg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Generation_of_CDMA.svg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Sinyal modulasi dalam CDMA menggunakan kode untuk mengirimkan sinyal data</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Cdma_orthogonal_signals.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cdma_orthogonal_signals.png/250px-Cdma_orthogonal_signals.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="117" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Cdma_orthogonal_signals.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>An example of 4 orthogonal digital signals.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Misalkan sekarang kita memiliki satu set vektor yang saling ortogonal satu sama lain. Biasanya vektor ini khusus dibuat untuk kemudahan decoding - mereka adalah kolom atau baris dari matriks Walsh yang dibangun dari fungsi Walsh - tapi tegas secara matematis batasan hanya pada vektor ini adalah bahwa mereka ortogonal. Contoh fungsi ortogonal ditampilkan dalam gambar di sebelah kanan. Sekarang, bergaul dengan satu pengirim vektor dari himpunan ini, katakanlah v, yang disebut kode chip. Associate angka nol dengan vektor-v, dan satu digit dengan vektor v. Sebagai contoh, jika v = (1, -1), maka vektor biner (1, 0, 1, 1) akan sesuai dengan (1 , -1, -1,1,1, -1,1, -1). Untuk keperluan artikel ini, kita sebut dibangun ini vektor vektor yang ditransmisikan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Setiap pengirim memiliki berbeda, vektor unik dipilih dari yang ditetapkan, tapi pembangunan vektor yang ditransmisikan identik.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sekarang, sifat fisik dari interferensi misalkan bila 2 sinyal secara bersamaan punya phase yang sama, mereka akan "saling menambah" menghasilkan 2 kali amplitudo dari masing-masing sinyal. Tetapi jika sinyal-sinyal tersebut tidak dalam phase yang sama, maka mereka akan "saling mengurangi" dan menghasilkan sebuah sinyal yang berbeda amplitudonya. Secara digital, sifat-sifat ini cukup bisa dimodelkan dengan penambahan vektor transmisi. Jadi, jika kita punya 2 pengirim, masing-masing mengirikam secara bersamaan, salah satu dengan chip code (1,-1) dan data vektor (1,0,1,1), dan pengirim yang lain dengan chip code(1,1) dan data vektor (0,0,1,1),sinyal mentah yang akan di terima menjadi (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1)+(-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1)=(0,-2,-2,0,2,0,2,0).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Misalkan sebuah penerima mendapat semacam sinyal seperti di atas, dan ingin menngetahui transmiter mana yang mengirim dengan chip code (1,-1). Penerima akan menggunakan properti-properti yang dijelaskan di atas, dan mengambil dot product pada vektor yang diterima dalam beberapa bagian. Ambil 2 komponen pertama dari vektor yang di terima, Yaitu (0,-1). Sekarang, (0,-2).(1,-1)=(0)(1)+(-2)(-1)=2. Karena ini positif, kita bisa menyimpulkan bahwa digit "1" sudah dikirimkan. Mengambil 2 komponen selanjutnya, yaitu (-2,0),(-2,0).(1,-1)=-2. Karena ini negatif kita bisa menyimpulkan bahwa digit "0" telah dikirimkan. Dengan terus melanjutkannya pada komponen-komponen selanjutnya kita bisa memecahkan transmiter mana yang telah mengirimkan dengan chip code (1,-1) yaitu (1,0,1,1) Likewise, applying the same process with chip code (1, 1): (1, 1).(0,-2) = -2 gives digit 0, (1, 1).(-2,0)=(1)(-2)+(1)(0)=-2 gives digit 0, and so on, to give us the data vector sent by the transmitter with chip code (1, 1): (0, 0, 1, 1).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sekarang, ada isu-isu tertentu di mana proses matematika ini dapat terganggu. Anggaplah bahwa satu pengirim mentransmisikan pada kekuatan sinyal yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain. Kemudian orthogonality kritis properti bisa terganggu, sehingga sistem bisa gagal. Jadi mengendalikan kekuatan daya merupakan masalah penting dengan pemancar CDMA. A TDMA atau FDMA penerima dapat secara teori benar sewenang-wenang menolak sinyal yang kuat pada slot waktu lain atau frekuensi saluran. Hal ini tidak berlaku untuk CDMA; penolakan sinyal yang tidak diinginkan hanya parsial. Jika salah satu atau semua sinyal yang tidak diinginkan jauh lebih kuat daripada sinyal yang diinginkan, mereka akan menguasai mereka. Ini menyebabkan persyaratan umum dalam sistem CDMA kira-kira sesuai dengan berbagai tingkat kekuatan sinyal seperti yang terlihat pada penerima. Dalam CDMA seluler, stasiun basis menggunakan loop tertutup cepat skema kontrol daya untuk mengontrol ketat setiap mobile's transmit power.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Anggaplah suara itu hadir dalam saluran nol mengambil sedikit untuk beberapa nilai lain. Maka ini juga akan mengganggu orthogonality properti, dan dengan demikian menambah tingkat ekstra forward error correction (FEC) coding juga penting.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sejauh ini, kita telah mengasumsikan bahwa waktu adalah mutlak CDMA tepat, yaitu tepat pemancar mentransmisikan pada titik-titik dalam kelipatan panjang urutan chip. Tentu saja, dalam kenyataannya, ini tidak praktis untuk mencapai, sehingga semua bentuk CDMA menggunakan spread spectrum memperoleh proses untuk memungkinkan penerima untuk mendiskriminasikan sebagian sinyal yang tidak diinginkan. Sinyal dengan kode chip yang dikehendaki dan waktu diterima, sedangkan sinyal dengan kode chip yang berbeda (atau kode penyebaran yang sama namun waktu yang berbeda offset) muncul sebagai suara wideband dikurangi dengan proses mendapatkan.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Keuntungan utama CDMA atas TDMA dan FDMA adalah bahwa kode CDMA yang tersedia berjumlah tak hingga. Hal ini membuat CDMA secara ideal cocok bagi sejumlah besar pemancar yang masing-masing menjangkitkan sejumlah kecil trafik pada selang waktu tak teratur, karena hal itu menghindari <b>overhead</b> untuk mengalokasi dan men-dealokasi secara terus-menerus sejumlah terbatas slot waktu ortogonal atau kanal frekuensi ke pemancar individual. Pemancar CDMA dengan begitu saja mengirim ketika mereka mempunyai sesuatu untuk dikirim dan diam ketika tidak.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.jirolu.net/wp-content/uploads/image/telkomsel/cdma-large.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.jirolu.net/wp-content/uploads/image/telkomsel/cdma-large.gif" /></a></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Soft_Handoff"><br />
Soft Handoff</span></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Soft handoff (or soft handover) adalah salah satu inovasi dalam mobilitas dimana mungkin dilakukan dengan teknologi CDMA.Hal ini berkaitan dengan teknik atau pemindahan dari satu sel ke sel yang lain tanpa memutuskan hubungan radio kapanpun. Di dalam teknologi TDMA dan sistem analog,setiap pancaran sel pada frekuensinya sendiri,berbeda daripada sel-sel tetangganya.Jika sebuah perangkat bergerak telah mencapai batas dari sel yang melayani call sekarang,dapat dikatakan akan memutus hubungan radio dan secepatnya menyesuaikan dengan salah satu frekuensi sel-sel tetangganya dimana call telah dipindahkan oleh jaringan dikarenakan perpindahan lokasi dari peralatan bergerak tersebut.Jika peralatan bergenrak tersebut tidak bisa menyesuaikan dengan frekuensi barunya dalam sekejap,maka call akan diputus.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Didalam Sistem CDMA, satu set sel bertetangga semuanya menggunakan frekuensi yang sama untuk transmisi dan sel yang berbeda (atau base station) dalam arti adalah sebuah nomer yang disebut "PN offset",disaat time offset dari permulaan pseudo-random noise sequence yang diketahui dimana digunakan untuk menyebarkan sinyal dari base station.Dikarenakan semua sel berada pada satu frekuensi,mendengarkan pada BTS yang berbeda sekarang adalah tantangan dalam pemprosesan sinyal digital berbasis pada offset dari sekuen PN,bukan Tranmisi RF dan berdasarkan penerimaan pada frekuensi terpisah. Apabila handphone CDMA menjelajah melalui jaringan,ia mengenali offset PN dari sel bertetangga dan melaporkan kekuatan setiap sinyal kembali ke sel acuan dari hubungan percakapan (biasanya sel yang terkuat).Jika sinyal dari sebuah sel bertetangga cukup kuat,perangkat bergerak tersebut akan dihubungkan langsung pada "add a leg"' callnya dan memulai mentranmisikan dan menerima ke dan dari sel baru dalam arti ke sel (atau sel-sel)call yang baru saja digunakan. Begitu juga,jika sebuah sinyal sel melemah,maka handset akan secara langsung diputus hubungannya.Dslsm hsl ini,handset dapat bergerak dari sel ke sel dan menambah dan membuang jika diperlukan dengan tujuan untuk menjaga call hingga tanpa memutuskan hubungan. Dalam prakteknya,ada batasan-batasan frekuensi,sering antara siynal pembawa yang berbeda atau sub-jaringan.Pada keadaan ini,handset CDMA akan menggunakan jalan yang sama seperti dalam TDMA atau analog dan menjalankan sebuah perpindahan yang ekstrem dimana hal ini akan memutus hubungan dan mencoba mengambil frekuensi baru dimana ia baru saja mati.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Fitur_CDMA"><br />
Fitur CDMA</span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sinyal pesan pita sempit ( narrowband ) akan digandakan dengan penyebaran sinyal pita lebar ( wideband ) atau pseudonoise code</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Setiap user mempunyai pseudonoise (PN) code sendiri sendiri.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Soft capacity limit: performansi sistem akan berubah untuk semua pengguna begitu nomer pengguna meningkat.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Near-far problem (masalah dekat-jauh)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Interference terbatas:kontrol daya sangat diperlukan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">lebar bandwidth menimbulkan keaneka ragaman,sehingga meggunakan rake receiver</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Akan membutuhkan semua komputer yang pernah dibuat oleh manusia diatas bumi untuk memecahkan kode dari satu setengah percakapan dalam sistem CDMA!</li>
</ul><div><br />
</div><div>Sumber : wikipedia</div></span>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-49536005165859216112011-10-10T04:31:00.000-07:002011-10-10T04:53:37.913-07:00Mengenal jaringan Ponsel 5 - Apa itu 4G<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://rumahdot.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/4g-haxims.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="http://rumahdot.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/4g-haxims.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">4G</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">adalah singkatan dari istilah dalam</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">bahasa Inggris</span>:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">fourth-generation technology</span></i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Istilah ini umumnya digunakan mengacu kepada pengembangan teknologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">telepon seluler</span>. 4G merupakan pengembangan dari teknologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">3G</span>. Nama resmi dari teknologi 4G ini menurut IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) adalah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">"3G and beyond"</span></i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Teknologi 4G adalah istilah serapan dari bahasa Inggris: fourth-generation technology. Istilah ini umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengembangan teknologi telepon seluler.\<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Sejarah</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Perkembangan teknologi nirkabel dapat dirangkum sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Generasi pertama: hampir seluruh sistem pada generasi ini merupakan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">sistem analog</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">dengan kecepatan rendah (low-speed) dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">suara</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">sebagai objek utama. Contoh:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">NMT</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(<i>Nordic Mobile Telephone</i>) dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">AMPS</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(<i>Analog Mobile Phone System</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Generasi kedua: dijadikan standar komersial dengan format</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">digital</span>, kecepatan rendah - menengah. Contoh:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">GSM</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">dan CDMA2000 1xRTT.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Generasi ketiga:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">digital</span>, mampu mentransfer data dengan kecepatan tinggi (<i>high-speed</i>) dan aplikasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">multimedia</span>, untuk</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">pita lebar</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(broadband). Contoh:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">W-CDMA</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(atau dikenal juga dengan UMTS) dan CDMA2000 1xEV-DO.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Antara generasi kedua dan generasi ketiga, sering disisipkan Generasi 2,5 yaitu</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">digital</span>, kecepatan menengah (hingga 150 Kbps). Teknologi yang masuk kategori 2,5 G adalah layanan berbasis data seperti</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">GPRS</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(<i>General Packet Radio Service</i>) dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">EDGE</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(<i>Enhance Data rate for GSM Evolution</i>) pada domain GSM dan PDN (<i>Packet Data Network</i>) pada domain CDMA. 4G merupakan pengembangan dari teknologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">3G</span>. Nama resmi dari teknologi 4G ini menurut IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) adalah "<i>3G and beyond</i>". Sebelum 4G, High-Speed</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Downlink Packet Access</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(HSDPA) yang kadangkala disebut sebagai teknologi 3,5G telah dikembangkan oleh WCDMA sama seperti EV-DO mengembangkan CDMA2000. HSDPA adalah sebuah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol" title="Protokol"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">protokol</span></a><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">telepon genggam</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">yang memberikan jalur evolusi untuk jaringan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">Universal Mobile Telecommunications System</span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(UMTS) yang akan dapat memberikan kapasitas data yang lebih besar (sampai 14,4 Mbit/detik arah turun).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Definisi</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sistem 4G akan dapat menyediakan solusi IP yang komprehensif dimana suara, data, dan arus</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">multimedia</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">dapat sampai kepada pengguna kapan saja dan dimana saja, pada rata-rata data lebih tinggi dari generasi sebelumnya. Belum ada definisi formal untuk 4G. Bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa pendapat yang ditujukan untuk 4G, yakni: 4G akan merupakan sistem berbasis IP terintegrasi penuh. Ini akan dicapai setelah teknologi kabel dan nirkabel dapat dikonversikan dan mampu menghasilkan kecepatan 100Mb/detik dan 1Gb/detik baik dalam maupun luar ruang dengan kualitas premium dan keamanan tinggi. 4G akan menawarkan segala jenis layanan dengan harga yang terjangkau. Setiap handset 4G akan langsung mempunyai nomor IP v6 dilengkapi dengan kemampuan untuk berinteraksi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">internet</span></span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></i><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">telephony</span></i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">yang berbasis</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Session Initiation Protocol</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(SIP). Semua jenis</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">radio transmisi</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">seperti</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">GSM</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">TDMA</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">EDGE</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">CDMA</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2G, 2.5G akan dapat digunakan, dan dapat berintegrasi dengan mudah dengan radio yang di operasikan tanpa lisensi seperti IEEE 802.11 di frekuensi 2.4GHz & 5-5.8Ghz,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">bluetooth</span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">selular</span>.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Integrasi voice</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">dan data dalam</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">channel</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">yang sama. Integrasi voice dan data aplikasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">SIP-enabled</span></i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYa0j89mYFUeN4Mpkq4bYVQqQT9Vj01XIjrmpcX1oWskjyUKjS8BqjkyOG6jJnLPKTtkF0h66EbKPNlEkdXr2UrcrGIR5omd1AvJ87AkRpJSEdLxqo3VZ0in1j8D26WdULkHJW3CaF5Uo/s1600/4g_feature1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYa0j89mYFUeN4Mpkq4bYVQqQT9Vj01XIjrmpcX1oWskjyUKjS8BqjkyOG6jJnLPKTtkF0h66EbKPNlEkdXr2UrcrGIR5omd1AvJ87AkRpJSEdLxqo3VZ0in1j8D26WdULkHJW3CaF5Uo/s1600/4g_feature1.jpg" /></a></div><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Teknologi 4G di Indonesia</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Secara sederhana, dapat diartikan bahwa teknologi 1G adalah telepon analog / PSTN yang menggunakan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seluler&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Seluler (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">seluler</span></a>. Sementara teknologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">2G</span>, 2.5G, dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">3G</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">merupakan ISDN. Indonesia pada saat ini sebenarnya baru saja memasuki dan memulai tahap 3.5G atau yang biasa disebut sebagai HSDPA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(High Speed Downlink Packet Access)</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">yang mampu memberikan kecepatan akses hingga 3.6 Mb/s (termasuk koneksi pita lebar (broadband connection)). Berkaitan dengan teknologi 4G, SIP adalah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">protokol</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">inti dalam internet telephony</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">yang merupakan evolusi terkini dari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Voice over Internet Protocol</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">maupun</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Telephony over Internet Protocol</span></i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. Teknologi tersebut banyak di perdebatkan oleh operator, pemerintah dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">DPR</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">belakangan ini. Tidak lama lagi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">internet telephony</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">akan menjadi tulang punggung utama infrastruktur telekomunikasi. Teknologi internet telephony memungkinkan pembangun infrastruktur</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">telekomunikasi</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">rakyat secara swadaya masyarakat (tanpa Bank Dunia,<span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">IMF</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">maupun</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">ADB</span>) bahkan mungkin tanpa kontrol pemerintah sama sekali. Dengan teknologi SIP dalam 4G, nomor telepon PSTN hanyalah sebagian kecil dari identifikasi telepon. Bagian besarnya akan dilakukan menggunakan URL. Kita tidak lagi perlu bergantung pada nomor telepon yang dikendalikan oleh pemerintah untuk berkomunikasi via internet-telepon. Infrastruktr internet telephony memungkinkan kita untuk menyelenggarakan sendiri banyak hal tanpa tergantung lisensi pemerintah dan tidak melanggar hukum. Teknologi 4G juga akan menyebabkan kemunduran bagi teknologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">Internet Network</span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(IN) yang saat ini merupakan infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang digunakan berbagai</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;">provider</span>. Hal tersebut disebabkan terbukanya jalur arus bawah yang dapat didownload dan diakses gratis dari internet.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">WiMAX, Teknologi 4G Pertama di Indonesia</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) merupakan teknologi 4G Pertama yang diimplementasikan di Indonesia pada bulan Juni 2010 oleh operator Firstmedia dengan merek dagang Sitra WiMAX. Teknologi 4G WiMAX terdiri atas tiga bagian generasi,<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/October2002/4G.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/October2002/4G.gif" /></a></div><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background: #F9F9F9; border: dashed #2F6FAB 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: dashed #2F6FAB .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; border: none; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: dashed #2F6FAB .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> - WiMAX 16.d, atau sering disebut WiMAX nomadic dengan mobilitas terbatas hingga kecepatan 70 Mbps. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; border: none; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: dashed #2F6FAB .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> - WiMAX 16.e, merupakan WiMAX mobile dengan mobilitas tinggi hingga kecepatan 144Mbps.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F9F9F9; border: none; line-height: 15.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-alt: dashed #2F6FAB .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt 12.0pt; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> - WiMAX 16.m, WiMAX mobile dengan mobilitas tinggi hingga kecepatan 1Gbps. <o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Operator 4G Pertama di Indonesia</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sitra WiMAX merupakan operator 4G pertama yang meluncurkan layanan 4G Wireless Broadband di Indonesia. Sitra WiMAX adalah bagian dari Lippo Group dan merek dagang terbaru dari PT. Firstmedia Tbk. Sitra WiMAX akan melayani 4G Wireless Broadband pertama di Indonesia di daerah terpadat dan sekaligus memiliki hak izin BWA termahal yaitu di coverage Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Propinsi Banten, Sumatera Utara, dan Propinsi NAD.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sumber : Wikipedia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-53097421062468760752011-10-10T04:26:00.000-07:002011-10-10T04:26:06.083-07:00Mengenal jaringan Ponsel 4 - Apa itu 3G<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3G</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(dari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">bahasa Inggris</span>:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">third-generation technology</span></i></b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">) merupakan sebuah standar yang ditetapkan oleh</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">International Telecommunication Union</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(ITU) yang diadopsi dari IMT-2000</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">untuk diaplikasikan pada jaringan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">telepon selular</span>. Istilah ini umumnya digunakan mengacu kepada perkembangan <span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">teknologi</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">telepon</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">nirkabel</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">versi ke-tiga. Melalui 3G, pengguna telepon selular dapat memiliki akses cepat ke</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">internet</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dengan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">bandwidth</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sampai 384 kilobit setiap detik ketika alat tersebut berada pada kondisi diam atau bergerak secepat pejalan kaki. Akses yang cepat ini merupakan andalan dari 3G yang tentunya mampu memberikan fasilitas yang beragam pada pengguna seperti menonton</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">video</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">secara langsung dari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">internet</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">atau berbicara dengan orang lain menggunakan video. 3G mengalahkan semua pendahulunya, baik</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GSM</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">maupun</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GPRS</span>. Beberapa perusahaan seluler dunia akan menjadikan 3G sebagai standar baru jaringan nirkabel yang beredar di pasaran ataupun negara berkembang</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://dhonconstantine.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/3g-inf.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://dhonconstantine.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/3g-inf.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah"></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sejarah</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada dasarnya perkembangan teknologi komunikasi ini disebabkan oleh keinginan untuk selalu memperbaiki kinerja, kemampuan dan efisiensi dari teknologi generasi sebelumnya. Ada pun perkembangan teknologi nirkabel dapat dirangkum sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Generasi pertama:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">analog</span>, kecepatan rendah (<i>low-speed</i>), cukup untuk suara. Contoh: NMT (<i>Nordic Mobile Telephone</i>) dan AMPS</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Analog Mobile Phone System)</span></i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Dimulai pada awal<span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1980-an</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sebagai bagian komersil dari AMPS. Menggunakan format FDMA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Frequency Division Multiple Access)</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang membawa suara analog sebesar 800</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">MHz</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">pita frekuensi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Generasi kedua:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">digital</span>, kecepatan rendah - menengah. Contoh:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GSM</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">CDMA </span>2000 1xRTT. Berkembang di awal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1990-an</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">saat operator seluler mengeluarkan 2 macam standar suara digital,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GSM</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">CDMA</span>, dimana</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GSM</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">menggunakan sistem</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">TDMA</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Time Division Multiple Access)</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang mampu mengirimkan panggilan sampai 8 saluran di pita 900 dan 1800</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">MHz</span>, sedangkan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">CDMA</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">sendiri adalah singkatan dari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Code Division Multiple Access)</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang mampu mengirimkan sinyal panggilan sampai 16 saluran di pita frekuensi 800</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">MHz</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Generasi ketiga: digital, kecepatan tinggi (<i>high-speed</i>), untuk pita lebar (<i>broadband</i>). Contoh:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">W-CDMA</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(atau dikenal juga dengan UMTS) dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">CDMA</span>2000 1xEV-DO. 3G merupakan terobosan dalam pengiriman paket data yang memungkinkan berbagai aplikasi jaringan diterapkan. Dengan kata lain, 3G menghadirkan sebuah perubahan evolusioner dalam kecepatan pemindahan data.</span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pengembang resmi 3G di Indonesia"></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengembang resmi 3G di Indonesia</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semenjak masuk ke Indonesia, 3G tentunya menjadi incaran perusahaan telekomunikasi. Setelah melalui pelelangan oleh Direktorat Jendral Pos dan Telekomunikasi, terpilihlah 3 perusahaan seluler yang memiliki lisensi untuk mengembangkan 3G di Indonesia, yakni :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Telkomsel</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Excelcomindo Pratama</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Indosat</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Definisi"></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Definisi</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">International Telecommunication Union</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(ITU) pada tahun 1999 telah mengeluarkan standar yang dikenal sebagai IMT-2000</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(International Mobile Telecommunications-2000)</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang meliputi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GSM</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">EDGE</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">UMTS</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">CDMA</span>,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">DECT</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">WiMAX</span>, dimana 3G berada di bawah standar IMT-2000 tersebut</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> Secara umum, ITU, sebagaimana dikutip oleh FCC mendefinisikan 3G sebagai sebuah solusi nirkabel yang bisa memberikan kecepatan akses<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebesar 128 Kbps untuk kondisi bergerak cepat atau menggunakan kendaraan bermotor.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebesar 384 Kbps untuk kondisi bergerak.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Paling sedikit sebesar 2 Mbps untuk kondisi statik atau pengguna stasioner.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penggunaan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">General Packet Radio Service</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(<span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">GPRS</span>) mencapai 114 Kbps<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Teknologi 3G"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi 3G</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Teknologi 3G terbagi menjadi GSM dan CDMA. Teknologi 3G sering disebut dengan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mobile broadband</span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">karena keunggulannya sebagai modem untuk internet yang dapat dibawa ke mana saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keberhasilan layanan 3 G di Eropa dan Jepang ini disebabkan oleh faktor:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dukungan pemerintah. Pemerintah Jepang tidak mengenakan biaya di muka (<i>upfront fee</i>) atas penggunaan lisensi spektrum 3G atas operator-operator di Jepang (ada tiga operator: NTT Docomo, KDDI dan Vodafone). Sedangkan pemerintah Korea Selatan, walau pun mengenakan biaya di muka, memberikan insentif dan bantuan dalam pengembangan nirkabel</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">pita lebar</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Korea Selatan adalah negara yang menggunakan Cisco Gigabit Switch Router terbanyak di dunia) sebagai bagian dalam strategi pengembangan infrastruktur.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kultur masyarakatnya. Layanan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">video call</span></span></i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, yang diramal menjadi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">killer application</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tidak terlalu banyak digunakan di kedua negara tersebut. Namun, layanan seperti</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">download</span></span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></i><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">music</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan akses Internet sangat digemari. Operator seperti NTT Docomo (Jepang) memberikan layanan Chaku Uta untuk</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">download music</span></i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Sedangkan di Korea, layanan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">web presence</span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">seperti</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cyworld</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang diberikan oleh SK Tel, sangat digemari. Dengan layanan ini, pelanggan bisa mengambil foto dari handset dan langsung memuatnya ke web portal miliknya di Cyworld. Layanan ini kemudian ditiru oleh Flickr dengan handset N73.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keragaman layanan konten. Docomo dan SKTel tidak menggunakan WAP standar sebagai layanan konten nya. Docomo mengembangkan aplikasi browser yang disebut</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">iMode</span>, sedangkan SKTel mempunyai June dan Nate.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangan 3G[7]"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perkembangan 3G</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Secara evolusioner"></a></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara evolusioner</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Standar IMT-2000 menerapkan 2 macam evolusi ke 3G, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari 2G CDMA standard IS-95 (cdmaOne) ke IMT-SC (cdma2000).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dari 2G TDMA standars (GSM/IS-136) ke IMT-SC (EDGE).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Secara revolusioner"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara revolusioner</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ini adalah standar IMT-2000 yang memerlukan alokasi spektrum yang baru, sebagai contoh IMT-DS (W-CDMA) karena saluran yang diperlukan cukup luas (5MHz), dan TMT-TC (TD-SCDMA/UTRA TDD) ditambah dengan IMT-FT (DECT) karena memerlukan frekuensi TDD.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Kemajuan 3G"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kemajuan 3G</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: 3G ke 3,5G"></a></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3G ke 3,5G</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara evolusioner teknologi 3G telah dikembangkan menjadi 3.5G melalui peningkatan kecepatan transmisi data dengan teknologi berbasis<span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">HSDPA</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)</span></i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: 3G ke 4G"></a></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3G ke 4G</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Belakangan ini industri nirkabel mulai mengembangkan teknologi 4G, meskipun sebenarnya teknologi 4G ini seperti Long Term Evolution (LTE) hanya merupakan evolusi dari teknologi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3GPP</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) berasal dari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #ba0000; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3GPP2</span>, sehingga sulit untuk membedakan dengan jelas teknologi 3G dan 4 G. Salah satu teknologi 4G yaitu</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">WiMax</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mobile standard telah diterima oleh ITU untuk ditambahkan pada IMT-2000, sehingga teknologi baru ini masih digolongkan ke dalam keluarga 3G. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) sedang mempelajari kemampuan mobile broadband yang disebut IMT-advanced yang disebut teknologi generasi keempat (4G).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEida-vbcfAUjwvvvDG0BEr2yqszwXHE8qBkjuwpXqv6OtdxspKuVFzHdzIWdq1yYfhoMXCIxM4wKRNDye23mOEN3yhRALp5AUEivhagizdg3bfYkZRq1lbJiTwucohdJq2eY2aKkVPILfE/s1600/4g-speed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEida-vbcfAUjwvvvDG0BEr2yqszwXHE8qBkjuwpXqv6OtdxspKuVFzHdzIWdq1yYfhoMXCIxM4wKRNDye23mOEN3yhRALp5AUEivhagizdg3bfYkZRq1lbJiTwucohdJq2eY2aKkVPILfE/s1600/4g-speed.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3G&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Salah paham tentang 3G"></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Salah paham tentang 3G</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada beberapa pemahaman yang salah tentang 3G di dalam masyarakat umum:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Layanan 3G tidak bisa tanpa ada cakupan layanan 3G dari operator. Hanya membeli sebuah handset 3G, tidak berarti bahwa layanan 3G dapat dinikmati. Handset dapat secara otomatis pindah ke jaringan 3G bila, pelanggan tidak menerima cakupan 3G. Sehingga bila seseorang sedang bergerak dan menggunakan layanan video call, kemudian terpaksa berpindah ke jaringan 2G, maka layanan video call akan putus.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; margin-left: 20.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Layanan 3G berada pada frekuensi 1.900 Mhz. ITU-T memang mendefinisikan layanan 3G untuk GSM pada frekuensi 1.900 Mhz dengan lebar pita sebesar 60 Mhz. Namun, pada umumnya, teknologi berbasis CDMA2000 menggunakan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="color: #0645ad; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">spektrum</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">di frekuensi 800 Mhz, atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai spektrum PCS (<i>Personal Communication System</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-41903509986778913782011-10-09T21:26:00.000-07:002011-10-09T21:26:23.422-07:00Mengenal jaringan Ponsel 3 - Apa itu GPRS<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GPRS</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">(singkatan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">bahasa Inggris</span>:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b><i>General Packet Radio Service</i></b>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>GPRS</b>) adalah suatu teknologi yang memungkinkan pengiriman dan penerimaan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">data</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan penggunaan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">teknologi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Circuit Switch Data atau CSD. Penggabungan layanan telepon seluler dengan GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) menghasilkan generasi baru yang disebut 2.5G. Sistem GPRS dapat digunakan untuk transfer data (dalam bentuk paket data) yang berkaitan dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">e-mail</span>, data gambar (<span style="color: #0645ad;">MMS</span>),<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Wireless Application Protocol</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<span style="color: #0645ad;">WAP</span>), dan World Wide Web (<span style="color: #0645ad;">WWW</span>).<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: small; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://www.riohinta.xtreemhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/gprs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="http://www.riohinta.xtreemhost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/gprs.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><br />
</span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b> <div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: small; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Sejarah</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Kemunculan GPRS didahului dengan penemuan telepon genggam generasi 1G dan 2G yang kemudian mencetuskan ide akan penemuan GPRS. Penemuan GPRS terus berkembang hingga kemunculan generasi 3G, 3,5G, dan 4G. Perkembangan teknologi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">komunikasi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ini disebabkan oleh keinginan untuk selalu memperbaiki kinerja, kemampuan dan efisiensi dari teknologi generasi sebelumnya. 1. Generasi 1G: analog, kecepatan rendah (low-speed), cukup untuk suara. Contoh: NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) dan AMPS (Analog Mobile Phone System). 2. Generasi 2G:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">digital</span>, kecepatan rendah - menengah. Contoh:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">GSM</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">CDMA</span>2000 1xRTT. 2G merupakan jaringan telekomunikasi seluler yang diluncurkan secara komersial pada GSM di Finlandia oleh Radiolinja pada tahum 1991.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA): membagi frekuensi radio berdasarkan satuan waktu. Teknologi ini memungkinkan untuk melayani beberapa panggilan secara sekaligus melakukan pengulangan-pengulangan dalam irisan waktu tertentu yang terdapat dalam satu channel radio.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Personal Digital Cellular: Cara kerja mirip dengan TDMA, PDC lebih banyak digunakan di negara Jepang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">iDEN: teknologi berbasis CDMA dengan arsitektur GSM memungkinkan untuk membuka aplikasi Private Mobile Radio dan Push to Talk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Digital European Cordless Telephone: teknologi ini berbasis TDMA digunakan untuk keperluan bisnis dalam skala menengah ke atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Personal Handphone Secvice: teknologi ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan DECT, kecepatan transmisinya jauh lebih cepat dan digunakan dalam lingkungan yang lebih luas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">IS-CDMA: Teknologi ini meningkatkan kapasitas sesi penelponan dengan menggunakan metode pengkodean yang unik untuk setiap kanal frekuensi yang digunakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GSM: teknologi GSM menggunakan sistem TDMA dengan alokasi kurang lebih delapan di dalam satu channel frekuensi sebesar 200kHz per satuan waktu. Kelebihan dari GSM ini adalah interface yang tinggi bagi para provider dan penggunanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">3. Generasi 3G : digital, kecepatan tinggi (high-speed), untuk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">pita lebar</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(broadband). Contoh:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">W-CDMA</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(atau dikenal juga dengan UMTS) dan CDMA2000 1xEV-DO.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">4. Generasi 3,5G: memungkinkan akses<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">internet</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang lebih cepat. Contoh:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">HSDPA</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">5. Generasi 4G : merupakan Long Term Evolution (LTE) yakni, evolusi dari teknologi 3GPP dan Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) berasal dari 3GPP2, sehingga sulit untuk dibedakan dengan jelas antara teknologi 3G dan 4 G. Contoh:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Wimax</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Mobile Standard.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: small; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Sekilas</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GPRS merupakan sistem transmisi berbasis paket untuk GSM yang menggunakan prinsip 'tunnelling'. Ia menawarkan laju data yang lebih tinggi. Laju datanya secara kasar sampai 160 kbps dibandingkan dengan 9,6 kbps yang dapat disediakan oleh rangkaian tersakelar GSM. Kanal-kanal<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">radio</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ganda dapat dialokasikan bagi seorang pengguna dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">kanal</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang sama dapat pula digunakan dengan berbagi antar pengguna sehingga menjadi sangat efisien. Dari segi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">biaya</span>, harga mengacu pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">volume</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>penggunaan. Penggunanya ditarik biaya dalam kaitannya dengan banyaknya<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">byte</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang dikirim atau diterima, tanpa memperdulikan panggilan, dengan demikian dimungkinkan GPRS akan menjadi lebih cenderung dipilih oleh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">pelanggan</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>untuk mengaksesnya daripada layanan-layanan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">IP</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GPRS merupakan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">teknologi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>baru yang memungkinkan para<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">operator</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>jaringan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">komunikasi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>bergerak menawarkan layanan data dengan laju bit yang lebih tinggi dengan tarif rendah ,sehingga membuat layanan data menjadi menarik bagi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">pasar</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>massal. Para operator jaringan komunikasi bergerak di luar negeri kini melihat GPRS sebagai kunci untuk mengembangkan pasar komunikasi bergerak menjadi pesaing baru di lahan yang pernah menjadi milik jaringan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">kabel</span>, yakni layanan internet. Kondisi ini dimungkinkan karena ledakan penggunaan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Internet"><span style="color: #0645ad;">internet</span></a>melalui jaringan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">kabel</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(telepon) dapat pula dilakukan melalui jaringan bergerak. Layanan bergerak yang kini sukses di pasar adalah, laporan cuaca, pemesanan makanan, berita olah raga sampai ke berita-berita penting harian. Dari perkembangan tersebut, dapat dirasakan dampaknya pada kemunculan berbeagai<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">provider</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>HP yang bersaing menawarkan tarif GPRS yang semakin terjangkau.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Dalam teorinya GPRS menjanjikan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">kecepatan</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>mulai dari 56 kbps sampai 115 kbps, sehingga memungkinkan akses internet, pengiriman<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Data"><span style="color: #0645ad;">data</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">multimedia</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ke<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">komputer</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">''notebook''</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">''handheld computer''</span>. Namun, dalam implementasinya, hal tersebut sangat tergantung faktor-faktor sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Konfigurasi dan alokasi time slot pada level<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">BTS</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Software</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang dipergunakan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Dukungan fitur dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">aplikasi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">ponsel</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang digunakan<o:p></o:p></span></div></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="display: inline !important; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b></b></span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><b><span style="display: inline !important; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></h3></span><br />
Perbedaan GPRS dan WAP</span></span></h3></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Ini menjelaskan mengapa pada saat-saat tertentu dan di lokasi tertentu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">akses</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>GPRS terasa lambat, bahkan lebih lambat dari akses CSD yang memiliki kecepatan 9,6 kbps.</span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><span style="color: #0645ad;">WAP</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>merupakan kependekan dari<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Wireless Application Protocol</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>adalah teknologi seperti WWW dan merupakan protokol untuk mengakses internet melalui HP, sedangkan GPRS<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>(General Packet Radio Service)</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>adalah teknologi koneksi yang digunakan oleh HP tersebut menuju jalur internet. Misalnya, kita menggunakan broadband pada PC yang terkoneksi ke<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Speedy</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: small; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Komponen Utama</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Komponen-komponen utama<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">jaringan</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>GPRS adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GGSN (<i>Gateway GPRS Support Node</i>): gerbang penghubung jaringan GPRS ke jaringan internet. Fungsi dari komponen ini adalah sebagai interface ke PDN (Public Data Network),<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>information routing</i>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>network screening</i>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>user screening</i>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>address mapping</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">SGSN (<i>Serving GPRS Support Node</i>): gerbang penghubung jaringan BSS/BTS ke jaringan GPRS. Komponen ini berfungsi untuk mengantarkan paket data ke MS,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>update</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pelanggan ke HLR, registrasi pelanggan baru.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">PCU : komponen di level BSS yang menghubungkan terminal ke jaringan GPRS<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: small; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Cara Kerja</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">SGSN bertugas: 1. Mengirim paket ke Mobile Station (MS) dalam satu area 2. Mengirim sejumlah pertanyaan ke HLR untuk memperoleh profile data pelanggan GPRS (<i>management mobility</i>) 3. Mendeteksi MS-GPRS yang baru dalam suatu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">area</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>servis yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya (location management) 4. SGSN dihubungkan ke BSS pada GSM dengan koneksi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>frame relay</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>melalui PCU (Packet Control Unit) di dalam BSC.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: small; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRkDySl8OPOYVkX3uaQXcMsoyqotJd_1eXu1nqYC7RbdW1xV2i2RQJ4w_pMaf4o9qTSZmMdq0iZFs726T8UzTcf5gzsOZrtM_RjEFY1O1XsRno5IIq5Bw99Z0dF2F-4X0wngBJbrbApuc/s1600/gprs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRkDySl8OPOYVkX3uaQXcMsoyqotJd_1eXu1nqYC7RbdW1xV2i2RQJ4w_pMaf4o9qTSZmMdq0iZFs726T8UzTcf5gzsOZrtM_RjEFY1O1XsRno5IIq5Bw99Z0dF2F-4X0wngBJbrbApuc/s320/gprs.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GGSN bertugas: 1. Sebagai<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>interface</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ke jaringan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">IP</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>external seperti : public internet atau mobile service provider 2. Memutakhirkan informasi<i>routing</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dari PDU ( Protokol Data Units ) ke SGSN.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">GPRS menggunakan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">sistem</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>komunikasi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>packet switch</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>sebagai cara untuk mentransmisikan datanya.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Packet switch</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>adalah sebuah sistem di mana data yang akan ditransmisikan dibagi menjadi bagian-bagian kecil (paket) lalu ditransmisikan dan diubah kembali menjadi data semula. Sistem ini dapat mentransmisikan ribuan bahkan jutaan paket per detik. Transmisi dilakukan melalui PLMN (<i>Public Land Mobile Network</i>) dengan menggunakan IP seperti 08063464xxx. Karena memungkinkan untuk pemakaian kanal transmisi secara bersamaan oleh pengguna lain maka biaya akses GPRS, secara teori, lebih murah daripada biaya akses CSD. GPRS didesain untuk menyediakan layanan transfer packet data pada jaringan GSM dengan kecepatan yang lebih baik dari GSM. Kecepatan yang lebih baik ini didapat dengan menggunakan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>coding scheme</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(CS) yang berbeda dari GSM.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: small; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Cara Pemasangan</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: small; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_C4zUDxECsuB32AJLFmztIHq-C_R8KNnjLEFb7pT4liyIEhx97W08S_dX7qFIyM1o_Ksqw04VW8sCgzpL1QKcyEBY53j1nV1KjBeSwP1Vq4ivvGOXh3bSXzWbSndvgQ2iaMcmL7kxO475/s1600/gprs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_C4zUDxECsuB32AJLFmztIHq-C_R8KNnjLEFb7pT4liyIEhx97W08S_dX7qFIyM1o_Ksqw04VW8sCgzpL1QKcyEBY53j1nV1KjBeSwP1Vq4ivvGOXh3bSXzWbSndvgQ2iaMcmL7kxO475/s1600/gprs.jpg" /></a></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Untuk dapat menggunakan GPRS (khususnya pada handphone yang mendukung) diperlukan setting terlebih dahulu. Cara setting GPRS terdapat di masing-masing operator. Setting GPRS di HP dapat dilakukan dengan otomatis dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">manual</span>. Setting GPRS secara otomatis dapat dilakukan dengan mengirimkan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">SMS</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ke provider yang anda miliki, tarifnya bervariasi antar provider, dan format pesan yang dikirimkan juga berbeda-beda tergantung dari setiap provider. Sementara, untuk setting GPRS secara manual HP cukup mengikuti petunjuk setting default yang terdapat di HP, tanpa perlu mengubah-ubahnya lagi. Jika ingin memakai HP untuk koneksi Internet dari PC, anda hanya perlu untuk mengeset GPRS saja, tanpa perlu mengeset<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">WAP</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ataupun<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">MMS</span>. Tiga hal yang harus diketahui adalah access point name, username, dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">password</span>. Selanjutnya, untuk menggunakan GPRS di komputer, dapat menyambungkan handphone yang telah tersetting GPRS itu dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">komputer</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang telah tersetting. Cukup memasukkan angka dialling misalnya 08096470 dan klik tombol dial, maka permintaan kita akan segara disambungkan. Saat ini, GPRS di Indonesia kalah bersaing dengan teknologi 2,75G, 3G, 3,5G, dan 4G yang memang pengembangan lebih lanjut dari GPRS.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: small; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Pengembangan Gprs</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
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</span></span></span><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Generasi 2,75G</span></span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Generasi 2,75G dikenal dengan generasi EDGE. EDGE diperkenalkan oleh AT&T di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2003. Secara teknis sebetulnya EDGE telah memenuhi standar 3G yang ditetapkan oleh ITU. Teknologi ini dapat mengirimkan data lebih cepat dari 2.5G.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Generasi 3G</span></span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Teknologi 3G terbagi menjadi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">GSM</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">CDMA</span>.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Teknologi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>3G sering disebut dengan mobile broadband karena keunggulannya sebagai<span style="color: #0645ad;">modem</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>untuk<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">internet</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang dapat dibawa ke mana saja. Perkembangan teknologi 3G secara komersial dimulai pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Oktober</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">2001</span>, ketika NTTDoCoMo dari Jepang dengan teknologi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">W-CDMA</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>menjual produknya untuk pertama kali secara terbatas. Kemudian disusul oleh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">SK Telecom</span>, Korea Selatan pada tahun 2002 dengan teknologi 1xEV-DO, diikuti oleh KTF dari Korea Selatan dengan teknologi EV-DO. Keberhasilan layanan 3 G di kedua negara ini disebabkan oleh faktor dukungan pemerintah. Pemerintah Jepang tidak mengenakan biaya di muka (upfront fee) atas penggunaan lisensi spektrum 3G atas operator-operator di Jepang (ada tiga operator: NTT Docomo, KDDI dan Vodafone). Sedangkan pemerintah Korea Selatan, walau pun mengenakan biaya di muka, memberikan insentif dan bantuan dalam pengembangan nirkabel pita lebar (Korea Selatan adalah negara yang menggunakan Cisco Gigabit Switch Router terbanyak di dunia) sebagai bagian dalam strategi pengembangan infrastruktur.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Di Eropa, dipelopori oleh British Telecom dan Telenor dengan teknologi W-CDMA pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Desember</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">2001</span>. Di Amerika Serika jaringan 3G dipelopori oleh Monet Mobile Networks dengan teknologi CDMA20001xEV-DO, diikuti oleh Verizon Wireless pada tahun<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">2003</span>. Di Australia jaringan 3G komersial pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Hutchinson Telecommunication dengan nama Three pada bulan maret<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">2003</span>. Pada bulan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Desember</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">2007</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>jaringan 3G telah dioperasikan di 40 negara dan 154 jaringan HSDPA telah beroperasi di 71 negara, dan 200 juta pelanggan telah terhubung melalui jaringan 3G.<o:p></o:p></span></div></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span></div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><b><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br />
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Salah Paham Akan 3G</span></span></h4></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Perkembangan teknologi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">3G</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>mengharuskan pengaturan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">spektrum</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>secara global, melalui penyediaan pita (band) yang lebih luas. Adanya teknologi 3G sebagai hasil pengembangan teknologi generasi kedua, yaitu hasil perkembangan evolusioner, yang masih menggunakan perangkat jaringan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">2G</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang diperluas dan hasil perkembangan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">revolusioner</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang memerlukan jaringan dan alokasi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">frekuensi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang sama sekali baru. Secara evolusioner, IMT-2000 telah menerapkan dua macam evolusi ke 3G, yakni dari 2G CDMA standard IS-95 (cdmaOne) ke IMT-SC (cdma2000) dan dari 2G TDMA standars (GSM/IS-136) ke IMT-SC (EDGE). Secara revolusioner, IMT-2000 membangun alokasi spektrum yang baru terkait tuntutan saluran yang makin luas.</span></div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Ada beberapa pemahaman yang salah tentang 3G dalam masyarakat umum:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Layanan 3G tidak bisa tanpa ada cakupan layanan 3G dari operator. Hanya membeli sebuah handset 3G, tidak berarti bahwa layanan 3G dapat dinikmati. Handset dapat secara otomatis pindah ke jaringan 3G bila, pelanggan tidak menerima cakupan 3G. Sehingga bila seseorang sedang bergerak dan menggunakan layanan video call, kemudian terpaksa berpindah ke jaringan 2G, maka layanan video call akan putus.<o:p></o:p></span></div></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span></div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><b><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br />
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Kelebihan dan kekurangan 3G</span></span></h4></b></span><div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></span></span></div></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Layanan 3G berada pada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">frekuensi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>1.900 Mhz. ITU-T memang mendefinisikan layanan 3G untuk GSM pada frekuensi 1.900 Mhz dengan lebar pita sebesar 60 Mhz. Namun, pada umumnya, teknologi berbasis CDMA2000 menggunakan spektrum di frekuensi 800 Mhz, atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai spektrum PCS (Personal Communication System).</span></div></b></span></div><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Kelebihan: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Perkembangan teknologi pita lebar bergerak menguntungkan baik untuk dunia bisnis, pemerintahan maupun perorangan, karena semakin baru teknologinya semakin besar data yang dapat dikirimkan dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Jenis data yang dapat dikirimkan juga menjadi lebih beragam, tidak hanya huruf dan angka, tetapi juga gambar diam, gambar bergerak, dan suara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"><div style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px;"><br />
</span></div></h3></span><div style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18pt;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 18pt;">Generasi 3,5G</span></span></span></h3><br />
<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Kekurangan: Disamping harganya lebih mahal, perlu diperhatikan aspek keamanannya dan aspek etika di dalam penggunaan teknologi yang baru. Peran ITU sangat penting di sini.Penyedia jasa layanan pita lebar bergerak harus membangun jaringan baru yang memerlukan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">investasi</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang sangat besar.</span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b></b></span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; display: inline !important; font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><b><span style="display: inline !important;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></h3></span><br />
Generasi 4G</span></span></h3></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Generasi 3,5G merupakan pengembangan dari 3G yang memungkinkan pengiriman<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">data</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>lebih cepat. Perbandingan antara 3G dan 3,5G terlihat jelas pada kecepatan transmisinya. Pada 3G, kecepatan transmisi maksimal 384kbps, sementara pada 3,5G kecepatan transmisi maksimal mencapai 3,6Mbps. Generasi 3G dan 3,5G mendukung layanan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>video call</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang memungkinkan penelpon dan penerima saling bertatap muka.</span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-width: initial; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 3.6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3><div style="font-size: small; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Belakangan ini<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">industri</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">nirkabel</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>mulai mengembangkan teknologi 4G, meskipun sebenarnya teknologi 4G ini seperti Long Term Evolution (LTE) hanya merupakan evolusi dari teknologi 3GPP dan Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) berasal dari 3GPP2, sehingga sulit untuk membedakan dengan jelas teknologi 3G dan 4 G. Salah satu teknolgoi 4G yaitu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">WiMax</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>mobile standard telah diterima oleh ITU untuk ditambahkan pada IMT-2000, sehingga teknologi baru ini masih digolongkan ke dalam keluarga<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">3G</span>. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) sedang mempelajari kemampuan mobile broadband yang disebut IMT-advanced yang disebut teknologi generasi keempat (4G). Diharapkan ITU segera melaksanakan penggunaan IMT-2000 (3G) dan IMT-Advanced (4G), konsekuensinya ITU harus menambah pita baik dibawah 1 GHz maupun diatas 2GHz.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</div></b></span><br />
</div></div></div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-39667700261515936602011-10-09T21:07:00.000-07:002011-10-09T21:07:18.005-07:00Mengenal jaringan Ponsel 2 - Apa itu WAP<div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Wireless Application Protocol</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">disingkat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>WAP</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>adalah sebuah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">protokol</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>atau sebuah teknik<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #ba0000;">messaging service</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang memungkinkan sebuah<span style="color: #0645ad;">telepon genggam</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">digital</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>atau<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #ba0000;">terminal mobile</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang mempunyai fasilitas WAP, melihat/membaca isi sebuah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">situs</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>di<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">internet</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dalam sebuah format teks khusus.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Situs"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Situs</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Internet"><span style="color: #0645ad;">internet</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ini harus merupakan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">situs</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dengan fasilitas WAP. WAP dipublikasikan oleh WAP<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Forum (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Forum</span></a>, ditemukan pertama kali oleh<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ericsson</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pada tahun 1997.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Motorola</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Nokia</span>, dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">Unwired Planet</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>juga melakukan hal yang sama. Anggota<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">Forum</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>itu kini beranggotakan lebih dari 90% pasar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">telepon genggam</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #ba0000;">software developer</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan organisasi yang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Versi</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Ada beberapa versi WAP antara lain WAP 1.2.1 dan 2.0. WAP 1.2.1 hanya dapat menampilkan laman sederhana saja dibandingkan dengan WAP 2.0 yang mendukung bahasa<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">xhtml</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan gambar. WAP di buat pertama kali sebagai<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">protokol</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>komunikasi bergerak yang tidak bergantung pada sistem tertentu. WAP dirancang sebagai bagian dari sistem di masa depan sama halnya dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bluetooth</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">GPRS</span>. WAP merupakan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">protokol</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>komunikasi bergerak yang terdiri dari beberapa<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #ba0000;">layer</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>dan dapat dijalankan pada sistem jaringan yang berbeda. Teknologi ini merupakan hasil kerjasama antar industri untuk membuat sebuah standar yang terbuka dan berbasis pada standar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">Internet</span>, serta beberapa protokol yang sudah dioptimasi untuk lingkungan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">nirkabel</span>. Teknologi ini bekerja dalam modus teks dengan kecepatan sekitar 9,6 kbps.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Keterbatasan Perangkat WAP</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Kemampuan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Central Processing Unit</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #ba0000;">(CPU)</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang lebih rendah dibandingkan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #0645ad;">CPU</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang digunakan pada perangkat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>wired</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>seperti komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Keterbatasan ukuran memori<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span>3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Penghematan penggunaan daya<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>(power)</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang biasanya menggunakan batere<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span>4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Ukuran<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>display</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang lebih kecil dan terbatas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span>5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Input device</span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">yang berbeda dengan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i><span style="color: #ba0000;">device</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>biasa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Disain dari informasi yang dikirimkan melalui WAP biasanya menggunakan format<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">WML</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<i>Wireless Markup Language</i>).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #ba0000;">WML</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>ini mirip<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: #0645ad;">HTML</span>, hanya lebih spesifik untuk perangkat nirkabel yang memiliki keterbatasan seperti di atas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0cm;"><span style="float: right;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="border: none; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 7.2pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;">Contoh Penggunaan WAP</span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Informasi jadwal keberangkatan penerbangan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Transaksi pembelian tiket<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Pendaftaran keberangkatan pesawat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Informasi lalu lintas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Daftar informasi kondisi cuaca<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Informasi nilai stok<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Mencari informasi nomor telepon atau alamat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Sumber : Wikipedia</span></div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-81126874593351614012011-10-09T20:53:00.000-07:002011-10-09T20:53:59.419-07:00Mengenal jaringan Ponsel 1 - Apa itu AMPS<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #7d7d7d; font-family: sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><b></b></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #7d7d7d; font-family: sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://www.thinkdigit.com/FCKeditor/uploads/martincooper.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="304" src="http://www.thinkdigit.com/FCKeditor/uploads/martincooper.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #7d7d7d; font-family: sans-serif;"><b><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Advanced Mobile Phone Service</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(<b>AMPS</b>) adalah sistem analog cellular yang pertama digunakan di amerika serikat. system ini masih dipergunakan secara luas sampai dengan tahun 1997; AMPS systems digunakan di lebih dari 72 negara . AMPS system terus terlibat untuk mengijinkan features yang lebih canggih seperti betambahnya waktu standby time, yang berpita pendek radio channels, dan anti-fraud authentication procedures.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #7d7d7d; font-family: sans-serif;"><b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">pada tahun 1974, 40 MHz spectrum dialokasikan untuk pelayanan cellular service [4] dia hanya menyediakan 666 channels. Pada tahun 1986, sebagai tambahan 10 MHz spectrum ditambahkan untuk facilitate pengembangan [5] dari system menjadi 832 channels. frequency bands untuk AMPS system adalah 824 MHz ke 849 MHz (uplink) dan 869 MHz sampai 894 MHz (downlink). dari 832 channels, AMPS systems dibagi menjadi A dan B bands untuk mengijinkan 2 service providers yang berbeda . ada 2 types dari radio channels dalam AMPS system; dedicated control channels dan voice channels. setiap system (A or B), mobile telephones scan dan tune ke 1 dari 21 dedicated control channels untuk mendengarkan untuk halaman dan bersaing untuk access mke system. The control channel terus menerus mengiriimkan system identification information dan access control information. walaupuan control channel data rate ada;aj 10 kbps, messages diulang sampai 5 kali , dimana mengurangi the effective channel rate menjadi dibawah 2 kbps. ini mengijinkan sebuah control channel untuk mengirimkan 10 smapai 20 halaman per detik<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</div></b></span>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-4449161992944685582011-09-24T03:56:00.000-07:002011-09-24T03:56:50.467-07:00Apa Itu 7 Layer OSI dalam Jaringan<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #fafcff; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"></span><br />
<div class="entrytext" style="overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-top: 0px;"><div align="center" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong><br />
Pengantar Model Open Systems Interconnection(OSI)</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Model Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) diciptakan oleh International Organization for Standardization (ISO) yang menyediakan kerangka logika terstruktur bagaimana proses komunikasi data berinteraksi melalui jaringan. Standard ini dikembangkan untuk industri komputer agar komputer dapat berkomunikasi pada jaringan yang berbeda secara efisien.<br />
<a href="" id="more-61" style="color: #5c5c5c; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></a><br />
<strong>Model Layer OSI</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="osigroupedlayers.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osigroupedlayers.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Terdapat 7 layer pada model OSI. Setiap layer bertanggungjawwab secara khusus pada proses komunikasi data. Misal, satu layer bertanggungjawab untuk membentuk koneksi antar perangkat, sementara layer lainnya bertanggungjawab untuk mengoreksi terjadinya “error” selama proses transfer data berlangsung.<br />
Model Layer OSI dibagi dalam dua group: “upper layer” dan “lower layer”. “Upper layer” fokus pada applikasi pengguna dan bagaimana file direpresentasikan di komputer. Untuk Network Engineer, bagian utama yang menjadi perhatiannya adalah pada “lower layer”. Lower layer adalah intisari komunikasi data melalui jaringan aktual.<br />
<strong> </strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>“Open” dalam OSI</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><img align="left" alt="open.gif" height="73" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/open.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: 73px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; width: 221px;" width="221" />“Open” dalam OSI adalah untuk menyatakan model jaringan yang melakukan interkoneksi tanpa memandang perangkat keras/ “hardware” yang digunakan, sepanjang software komunikasi sesuai dengan standard. Hal ini secara tidak langsung menimbulkan “modularity” (dapat dibongkar pasang).<br />
<strong> </strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Modularity</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Modularity” mengacu pada pertukaran protokol di level tertentu tanpa mempengaruhi atau merusak hubungan atau fungsi dari level lainnya.<br />
Dalam sebuah layer, protokol saling dipertukarkan, dan memungkinkan komunikasi terus berlangsung. Pertukaran ini berlangsung didasarkan pada perangkat keras “hardware” dari vendor yang berbeda dan bermacam-macam alasan atau keinginan yang berbeda.</div><table align="center" border="1" style="width: 420px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div align="center" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Modularity</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="width: 309px;"><img alt="modularity_1.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/modularity_1.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td>Seperti contoh Jasa Antar/Kurir. “Modularity” pada level transportasi menyatakan bahwa tidak penting, bagaimana cara paket sampai ke pesawat.</td></tr>
<tr><td><img alt="modularity_2.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/modularity_2.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td>Paket untuk sampai di pesawat, dapat dikirim melalui truk atau kapal. Masing-masing cara tersebut, pengirim tetap mengirimkan dan berharap paket tersebut sampai di Toronto. Pesawat terbang membawa paket ke Toronto tanpa memperhatikan bagaimana paket tersebut sampai di pesawat itu.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>7 Layer OSI</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Model OSI terdiri dari 7 layer :</div><ul><li>Application</li>
<li>Presentation</li>
<li>Session</li>
<li>Transport</li>
<li>Network</li>
<li>Data Link</li>
<li>Physical</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Apa yang dilakukan oleh 7 layer OSI ?</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="osilayer.gif" height="279" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayer.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="451" /></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br />
Ketika data ditransfer melalui jaringan, sebelumnya data tersebut harus melewati ke-tujuh layer dari satu terminal, mulai dari layer aplikasi sampai physical layer, kemudian di sisi penerima, data tersebut melewati layer physical sampai aplikasi. Pada saat data melewati satu layer dari sisi pengirim, maka akan ditambahkan satu “header” sedangkan pada sisi penerima “header” dicopot sesuai dengan layernya.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Model OSI</strong></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tujuan utama penggunaan model OSI adalah untuk membantu desainer jaringan memahami fungsi dari tiap-tiap layer yang berhubungan dengan aliran komunikasi data. Termasuk jenis-jenis protoklol jaringan dan metode transmisi.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Model dibagi menjadi 7 layer, dengan karakteristik dan fungsinya masing-masing. Tiap layer harus dapat berkomunikasi dengan layer di atasnya maupun dibawahnya secara langsung melalui serentetan protokol dan standard.</div><table align="center" border="1" style="width: 438px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div align="center" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Model OSI</div></td><td><div align="center" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Keterangan</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="width: 141px;"><img align="left" alt="osilayers_1.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_1.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td style="width: 281px;"><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Application Layer:</strong> Menyediakan jasa untuk aplikasi pengguna. Layer ini bertanggungjawab atas pertukaran informasi antara program komputer, seperti program e-mail, dan service lain yang jalan di jaringan, seperti server printer atau aplikasi komputer lainnya.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td><img align="left" alt="osilayers_2.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_2.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Presentation Layer:</strong> Bertanggung jawab bagaimana data dikonversi dan diformat untuk transfer data. Contoh konversi format text ASCII untuk dokumen, .gif dan JPG untuk gambar. Layer ini membentuk kode konversi, translasi data, enkripsi dan konversi.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td><img align="left" alt="osilayers_3.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_3.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Session Layer:</strong> Menentukan bagaimana dua terminal menjaga, memelihara dan mengatur koneksi,- bagaimana mereka saling berhubungan satu sama lain. Koneksi di layer ini disebut “session”.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td><img align="left" alt="osilayers_4.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_4.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Transport Layer:</strong> Bertanggung jawab membagi data menjadi segmen, menjaga koneksi logika “end-to-end” antar terminal, dan menyediakan penanganan error (error handling).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td><img align="left" alt="osilayers_5.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_5.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Network Layer:</strong> Bertanggung jawab menentukan alamat jaringan, menentukan rute yang harus diambil selama perjalanan, dan menjaga antrian trafik di jaringan. Data pada layer ini berbentuk paket.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td><img align="left" alt="osilayers_6.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_6.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Data Link Layer:</strong> Menyediakan link untuk data, memaketkannya menjadi frame yang berhubungan dengan “hardware” kemudian diangkut melalui media. komunikasinya dengan kartu jaringan, mengatur komunikasi layer physical antara sistem koneksi dan penanganan error.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td><img align="left" alt="osilayers_7.gif" src="http://mudji.net/press/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/osilayers_7.gif" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(176, 176, 176); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></td><td><div align="justify" style="line-height: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong>Physical Layer:</strong> Bertanggung jawab atas proses data menjadi bit dan mentransfernya melalui media, seperti kabel, dan menjaga koneksi fisik antar sistem.</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Sumber : <a href="http://mudji.net/" style="color: #5c5c5c; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://mudji.net</a></div></div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-48502392699061524632011-09-23T22:56:00.000-07:002011-09-23T22:56:06.381-07:00Meningkatkan dan Menstabilkan Sinyal Modem Wireless<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #002e3f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;">Pada saat ini hampir semua operator telepon selular di negeri ini menyediakan layanan internet, kita tinggal memilih operator mana yang kita mau.. .</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #002e3f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<div class="post-body" id="post-8918211982538944415" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="display: inline; height: 0px; overflow-x: visible; overflow-y: visible; padding-bottom: 0.5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5px;">Postingan kali ini tidak akan membahas pilih- memilih<i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">ISP</i>(<i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Internet Service Provider</i>), tetapi bagaimana cara atau trik meningkatkan / menstabilkan sinyal 2G atau 3G sehingga akses internet kita lebih stabil.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Tadinya saya selalu dibuat <i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">jengkel</i><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> </b>karena sinyal HSDPA dari operator yang saya pakai selalu timbul tengelam dan bahkan menghilang..mungkin karena jauh dari BTSnya.sehingga internet sering lambat atau sering putus.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Saat ini masalah itu sudah tidak terjadi lagi karena sinyal HSDPAnya selalu` <i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">full bar</b></i>.. walaupun saya berada di ruangan yang tertutup tembok atau di ruangan yang biasanya tidak mendapat sinyal ..<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><a href="" name="more" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a>Yang saya lakukan adalah menempatkan modem jauh di atas, di daerah yang lebih terbuka yaitu di luar rumah, di atap lantai dua.. menjadikan sinyal yang tertangkap kuat dan stabil, tidak timbul tenggelam lagi.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Cara yang digunakan adalah <b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">memperpanjang kabel USB</b>modemnya.. hingga 12(dua belas)meter (standarnya 1 atau 1,5 meter), ini memang melawan teori yang katanya kabel USB itu maksimal panjangnya sekitar 5 meter. tapi kenyataannya panjangnya ditambah ..BISA. Mungkin ini akan tergantung dari jenis kabel yang digunakan, merk/jenis modem, dan kekuatan power port usb komputernya.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Modem yang saya gunakan adalah Huawei E270.. bahkan sebelumnya ketika menggunakan modem huawei EC325 (CDMA) panjang kabelnya mencapai 15 meteran, dan ketika kabel tersebut digunakan untuk modem huawey E270, modemnya tidak terdeteksi kemudian panjang kabelnya dikurangi dan dikurangi sehingga pada kisaran panjang 12 meter modem E270 berfungsi dengan baik.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Bagaimana cara menyambungnya?, jenis kabel apa yang digunakan? <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />1. Siapkan kabel USB standar (kabel USB ke modem) yang berkualitas baik. <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />2. Siapkan kabel UTP (<i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Unshielded twisted pair</i>, adalah kabel standar untuk koneksi jaringan komputer LAN)<i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">, </b><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">cat 5</b></i> atau<i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> cat 6</b></i>lebih baik, panjang disesuaikan misal 12 meter dulu (12 m belum tentu cocok dengan modem anda, nantinya panjangnya mungkin harus dikurangi)<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />3. Peralatan untuk penyambungan : Solder, timah, isolasi, gunting / tang pemotong <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Cara pengerjaan<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />1. Potong (bagi dua) kabel USB modem, kemudian kupas masing- masing ujungnya. <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /> Kabel USB di dalamnya memiliki 4 kabel ditambah 1 ground (kabel ground nantinya tidak digunakan, karena keterbatasan jumlah isi kabel UTP)<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4ilAGWV8oI/AAAAAAAAA04/cbqSi2H9o_s/s1600-h/usbpotong2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="137" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4ilAGWV8oI/AAAAAAAAA04/cbqSi2H9o_s/s400/usbpotong2.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="400" /></a></div><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />2. Siapkan kabel UTP, kupas kedua ujungnya. kabel UTP memiliki isi 8 kabel di dalamnya. Karena kabel USB berisi 4 kabel, maka kita hanya memerlukan 4 isi kabel UTP, tetapi supaya dapat menambah daya hantar (mengurangi <i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">resistansi</i>) setiap dua kabel digandengkan / disatukan, jadi seolah-olah kabel UTP ini berisi 4 kabel.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4i_hMXWrPI/AAAAAAAAA1I/vU9mEapm6ak/s1600-h/IMG_0242b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4i_hMXWrPI/AAAAAAAAA1I/vU9mEapm6ak/s320/IMG_0242b.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; 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background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4jFXGspi3I/AAAAAAAAA1o/qBJ0kP5G9ZM/s1600-h/ujung+kanan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4jFXGspi3I/AAAAAAAAA1o/qBJ0kP5G9ZM/s320/ujung+kanan.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; 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margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">3. Sambungkan kabel USB dengan kabel UTP , perhatikan warna kabel agar jangan sampai tertukar, solderlah setiap sambungan kemudian beri isolasi.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Gambar selengkapnya :</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4jfmhD_aFI/AAAAAAAAA1w/xV5aRBZds6U/s1600-h/ilustrasi.gif" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="146" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4jfmhD_aFI/AAAAAAAAA1w/xV5aRBZds6U/s400/ilustrasi.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="400" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Memilih dan menentukan warna kabel UTP bebas, yang penting warna kabel USB di ujung yang satu harus bertemu kembali dengan warna yang sama di ujung yang lain, kabel USB warna merah harus bertemu kembali dengan kabel berwarna merah , hitam harus bertemu hitam dan seterusnya .. tidak boleh tertukar .. kalau tidak, bisa bisa modem atau port USBnya malah rusak..</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">4. Agar sambungan antar kabel kuat dan koneksinya bagus, solderlah dengan baik kemudian beri isolasi untuk mencegah konsleting. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">5. Periksalah sekali lagi, kalau sudah yakin sambungannya benar, baru bisa dicoba, kalau belum yakin jangan dicoba-coba. karena kalau sambungan tidak benar dapat menyebabkan komputer(port USB) atau modemnya rusak. kalau masih belum mengerti coba tanyakan atau minta bantuan ke teman yang mengerti tentang elektronik.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">6. kalau sudah benar-benar yakin, silakan coba , nyalakan komputer dan sambungkan modemnya, kalau modem sudah terdeteksi oleh komputer berarti tinggal menempatkan modem di area yang paling bagus untuk menerima sinyal.</div>Bila belum terdeteksi atau <i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">USB malfunction</i>, berarti kabelnya harus dibuat lebih pendek lagi..<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">6. Setelah modem terbukti berfungsi, kemudian tempatkan modem di daerah yang sekiranya sinyal dari operatornya paling kuat.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Yang harus diperhatikan :</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Hati-hati terhadap bahaya petir, kalau sudah cuaca mendung dan kita tidak yakin dengan penangkal petir gedung / rumah kita.. lebih baik turunkan saja</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Tempatkan di area yang tidak mendapat sinar matahari langsung.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Hati-hati juga terhadap hujan.. kalau kena air hujan ya berakhirlah...</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4j9ap8BT5I/AAAAAAAAA14/yQU8PB0FI18/s1600-h/IMG_0244b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_2Y5OzRWKtE0/S4j9ap8BT5I/AAAAAAAAA14/yQU8PB0FI18/s320/IMG_0244b.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Pada aplikasinya dapat pula digunakan untuk menempatkan modem di dalam kendaraan, tentunya dengan sambungan kabel yang lebih pendek.</div></div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-65708259450355883672011-09-23T22:41:00.000-07:002011-09-23T22:41:24.187-07:00TP-Link TL-MR3220 Solusi Ekonomis Hotspotan di Rumah<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #002e3f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;">Banyak artikel tentang bagaimana cara sharing koneksi internet</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #002e3f;"> bahkan di windows 7 sudah support untuk sharing koneksi internet via wireless.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #002e3f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<div class="post-body" id="post-2441473929226189383" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="display: inline; height: 0px; overflow-x: visible; overflow-y: visible; padding-bottom: 0.5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Tetapi kenyataan, saat ini sudah banyak dijual wireless router dengan harga yang relatif terjangkau, praktis, ekonomis, mudah settingnya dan kinerjanya bagus, sehingga dengan mudah kita dapat membangun sebuah akses point / hotspot area / wifi area / internet area atau apalah istilah lainnya, tinggal kita koneksikan modem GSM/ CDMA, atau ADSL (speedy) kita ke router ini, maka komputer yang ada di area jangkauan wirelessnya semua bisa tersambung ke internet. Seperti halnya kita berada di mall, lobi hotel, kampus dll, bedanya disini semua akses kita yang mengatur, mau diproteksi seperti apa, siapa saja yang boleh terkoneksi, semuanya terserah kita. dan untuk komputer yang tidak memiliki wifi card (wireless LAN), koneksinya bisa menggunakan kabel UTP.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /> </div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://komputertipstrik.blogspot.com/" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DLnE3YNk0S8/TgNoWYofJjI/AAAAAAAABA0/g-6IeqFCkBw/s320/tplink+wireles+hotspot+1.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="319" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">3G Wireless lite N Router TL-MR 3220</td></tr>
</tbody></table><a href="" name="more" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div style="color: #666666; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: right;"><br />
</div>TP-Link TL-MR3220 adalah salah satu solusinya, menurut saya kinerjanya cukup bagus, daya jangkaunya juga lumayan kuat untuk area yang tidak terlalu luas seperti di rumah saya tidak ada masalah, malah bisa berbagi ke tetangga.:)<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />harganya relatif murah, saya beli dibawah Rp 300 ribu, mensupport banyak modem 3G, saya mempunyai 3 modem, 2 GSM, 1 CDMA, semuanya langsung terdeteksi. Tapi mungkin itu kebetulan saja, pasti ada type modem yang belum disupport, tapi jangan khawatir karena ada link buat update modem driver juga. <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Cara setting supaya kita bisa berhotspotan ria :)</b><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /> (Setting menggunakan modem GSM / CDMA )<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• </span> Hidupkan TP-link router (antena sudah terpasang)<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• </span>Hidupkan Laptop, hidupkan juga wirelessnya sehingga mendeteksi adanya hotspot TP-Link, kemudian koneksikan, pada saat pertama kali koneksi akan ada muncul wizard "Do you want to setup your network?", anda bisa pilih ya dan ikuti step by stepnya, bisa juga pilih tidak.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• kalau sudah terkoneksi, buka browser dan ketikkan alamat ip defaultnya yaitu http://192.168.1.1</span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• Pada kolom login masukkan username : admin password : admin</span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• Untuk mudahnya kita bisa klik pada menu Quick Setup, </span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">berikut adalah contoh setting, disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan.</span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bbrdHvoX4jI/TgNxoJ1eTDI/AAAAAAAABA4/kYgfOOic6qs/s1600/tplink+wireles+hotspot+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; 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padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="400" /></a></div><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MXISZFwaRWQ/TgNy28LsfGI/AAAAAAAABA8/U-iAQuZqSsg/s1600/tplink+wireles+hotspot+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MXISZFwaRWQ/TgNy28LsfGI/AAAAAAAABA8/U-iAQuZqSsg/s400/tplink+wireles+hotspot+3.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; 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padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="400" /></a></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jE4HS4iU2Ao/TgN1gOi9F9I/AAAAAAAABBE/gib8_w_pp2U/s1600/tplink+wireles+hotspot+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="276" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jE4HS4iU2Ao/TgN1gOi9F9I/AAAAAAAABBE/gib8_w_pp2U/s400/tplink+wireles+hotspot+5.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Pada wireless security diisi supaya hanya orang yang tahu passwordnya yang bisa terkoneksi</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>Setelah router direboot maka pada komputer akan terdeteksi network baru yng baru saja kita konfig. <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span id="goog_347603554" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span><a href="http://komputertipstrik.blogspot.com/" style="color: blue; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gpmRPOLfHLY/TgOFKTleg3I/AAAAAAAABBQ/ztIeQRfjPPI/s320/tplink+wireles+hotspot+7.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.5px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.5px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0.5px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.5px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" width="230" /></a><span id="goog_347603555" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></div><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• Setelah terkoneksi Jangan lupa untuk segera mengganti Password adminnya, menunya ada di </span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">System tools --> Password . </b>(masuk lagi di http://192.168.1.1)<b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></b></span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">• Untuk melihat status modem dan status koneksi internetnya, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">klik di Menu <b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Network --> 3G.</b></span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></b></span><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Semoga bermanfaat.</span></div>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7197439562923612236.post-40388858759853859092011-09-23T01:36:00.000-07:002011-09-23T01:36:17.398-07:00Pengertian NETWORKING<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Jaringan komputer</b> (jaringan) adalah sebuah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem">sistem</a> yang terdiri atas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komputer">komputer</a>-komputer yang didesain untuk dapat berbagi sumber daya (printer, CPU), berkomunikasi (surel, pesan instan), dan dapat mengakses informasi(peramban web).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref1_0-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref1-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> Tujuan dari jaringan komputer adalah<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref1_0-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref1-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Agar dapat mencapai tujuannya, setiap bagian dari jaringan komputer dapat meminta dan memberikan layanan (<i>service</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref1_0-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref1-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> Pihak yang meminta/menerima layanan disebut klien (<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Client&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Client (halaman belum tersedia)">client</a></i>) dan yang memberikan/mengirim layanan disebut peladen (<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Server">server</a></i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref1_0-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref1-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> Desain ini disebut dengan sistem <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klien-server" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Klien-server">client-server</a>, dan digunakan pada hampir seluruh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplikasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aplikasi">aplikasi</a> jaringan komputer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref1_0-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref1-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dua buah komputer yang masing-masing memiliki sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIC" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="NIC">kartu jaringan</a>, kemudian dihubungkan melalui <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabel">kabel</a> maupun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirkabel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nirkabel">nirkabel</a> sebagai medium transmisi data, dan terdapat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NOSS&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="NOSS (halaman belum tersedia)">perangkat lunak sistem operasi jaringan</a> akan membentuk sebuah jaringan komputer yang sederhana.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref2_1-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref2-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup>: Apabila ingin membuat jaringan komputer yang lebih luas lagi jangkauannya, maka diperlukan peralatan tambahan seperti <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hub">Hub</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_jaringan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Switch jaringan">Switch</a></i>, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Router">Router</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gateway">Gateway</a></i> sebagai peralatan interkoneksinya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ref2_1-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-ref2-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sejarah jaringan komputer bermula dari lahirnya konsep jaringan komputer pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1940">1940</a>-an di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> yang digagas oleh sebuah proyek pengembangan komputer MODEL I di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorium_Bell" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laboratorium Bell">laboratorium Bell</a> dan group riset <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Harvard" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Universitas Harvard">Universitas Harvard</a> yang dipimpin profesor <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Aiken" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Howard Aiken">Howard Aiken</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Pada mulanya proyek tersebut hanyalah ingin memanfaatkan sebuah perangkat komputer yang harus dipakai bersama.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Untuk mengerjakan beberapa proses tanpa banyak membuang waktu kosong dibuatlah proses beruntun (<i>Batch Processing</i>), sehingga beberapa program bisa dijalankan dalam sebuah komputer dengan kaidah antrian.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kemudian ditahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1950">1950</a>-an ketika jenis komputer mulai berkembang sampai terciptanya <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Super_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Super komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">super komputer</a>, maka sebuah komputer harus melayani beberapa tempat yang tersedia (<i>terminal</i>), untuk itu ditemukan konsep distribusi proses berdasarkan waktu yang dikenal dengan nama <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TSS&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="TSS (halaman belum tersedia)">TSS</a> (<i>Time Sharing System</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah2_3-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah2-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup>Maka untuk pertama kalinya bentuk jaringan (<i>network</i>) komputer diaplikasikan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah2_3-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah2-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> Pada sistem TSS beberapa terminal terhubung secara seri ke sebuah komputer atau perangkat lainnya yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan (<i>host</i>) komputer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah2_3-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah2-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> Dalam proses TSS mulai terlihat perpaduan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Teknologi komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">teknologi komputer</a>dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi_telekomunikasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teknologi telekomunikasi">teknologi telekomunikasi</a> yang pada awalnya berkembang sendiri-sendiri.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah2_3-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah2-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Pertahanan_Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Departemen Pertahanan Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Pertahanan Amerika</a>, <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (halaman belum tersedia)">U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></i> (DARPA) memutuskan untuk mengadakan riset yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan sejumlah komputer sehingga membentuk jaringan organik di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1969">1969</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Program riset ini dikenal dengan nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1970">1970</a>, sudah lebih dari 10 komputer yang berhasil dihubungkan satu sama lain sehingga mereka bisa saling berkomunikasi dan membentuk sebuah jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Dan di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1970">1970</a> itu juga setelah beban pekerjaan bertambah banyak dan harga perangkat komputer besar mulai terasa sangat mahal, maka mulailah digunakan konsep proses distribusi (<i>Distributed Processing</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup>Dalam proses ini beberapa <i>host</i> komputer mengerjakan sebuah pekerjaan besar secara paralel untuk melayani beberapa <i>terminal</i> yang tersambung secara seri disetiap <i>host</i> komputer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Dalam proses distribusi sudah mutlak diperlukan perpaduan yang mendalam antara <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Teknologi komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">teknologi komputer</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telekomunikasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Telekomunikasi">telekomunikasi</a>, karena selain proses yang harus didistribusikan, semua <i>host</i> komputer wajib melayani terminal-terminalnya dalam satu perint</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">ah dari komputer pusat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:TSS_Model.jpg&filetimestamp=20110526124029" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="117" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/TSS_Model.jpg/250px-TSS_Model.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:TSS_Model.jpg&filetimestamp=20110526124029" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Ini adalah Model <i>Time Sharing System</i> (TSS)</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1972">1972</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roy_Tomlinson&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Roy Tomlinson (halaman belum tersedia)">Roy Tomlinson</a> berhasil menyempurnakan program surat elektonik (<i>email</i>) yang dibuatnya setahun yang lalu untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup>Program tersebut begitu mudah untuk digunakan, sehingga langsung menjadi populer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Pada tahun yang sama yaitu tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1972">1972</a>, ikon at (@) juga diperkenalkan sebagai lambang penting yang menunjukan “at” atau “pada”.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1973">1973</a>, jaringan komputer ARPANET mulai dikembangkan meluas ke luar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Komputer <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_College&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="University College (halaman belum tersedia)">University College</a></i> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="London">London</a> merupakan komputer pertama yang ada di luar Amerika yang menjadi anggota jaringan Arpanet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Pada tahun yang sama yaitu tahun 1973, dua orang ahli komputer yakni <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinton_Cerf&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Vinton Cerf (halaman belum tersedia)">Vinton Cerf</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kahn&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Bob Kahn (halaman belum tersedia)">Bob Kahn</a> mempresentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar, yang menjadi cikal bakal pemikiran <i>International Network</i> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Internet">Internet</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-8" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Ide ini dipresentasikan untuk pertama kalinya di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Sussex&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Universitas Sussex (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Sussex</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-9" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Hari bersejarah berikutnya adalah tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_Maret" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="26 Maret">26 Maret</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1976">1976</a>, ketika Ratu Inggris berhasil mengirimkan surat elektronik dari <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Signals_and_Radar_Establishment&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (halaman belum tersedia)">Royal Signals and Radar Establishment</a></i> di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malvern&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Malvern (halaman belum tersedia)">Malvern</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-10" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Setahun kemudian, sudah lebih dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/100" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="100">100</a> komputer yang bergabung di ARPANET membentuk sebuah jaringan atau<i>network</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-11" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Arpnet-map-march-1977.png&filetimestamp=20060507150349" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="179" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/6/6e/Arpnet-map-march-1977.png/250px-Arpnet-map-march-1977.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Arpnet-map-march-1977.png&filetimestamp=20060507150349" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Peta logika dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Truscott&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Tom Truscott (halaman belum tersedia)">Tom Truscott</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim_Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jim Ellis (halaman belum tersedia)">Jim Ellis</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Bellovin&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Steve Bellovin (halaman belum tersedia)">Steve Bellovin</a>, menciptakan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newsgroups&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Newsgroups (halaman belum tersedia)">newsgroups</a></i> pertama yang diberi nama <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USENET&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="USENET (halaman belum tersedia)">USENET</a> (<i>User Network</i>) di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1979">1979</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1981">1981</a>,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Telecom" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="France Telecom">France Telecom</a> menciptakan sesuatu hal yang baru dengan meluncurkan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telepon_televisi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Telepon televisi (halaman belum tersedia)">telepon televisi</a> pertama, di mana orang bisa saling menelepon yang juga berhubungan dengan <i>video link</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seiring dengan bertambahnya komputer yang membentuk jaringan, dibutuhkan sebuah protokol resmi yang dapat diakui dan diterima oleh semua jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Untuk itu, pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1982">1982</a> dibentuk sebuah <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a></i> (TCP) atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a></i> (IP) yang kita kenal hingga saat ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Sementara itu, di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> muncul sebuah jaringan serupa yang dikenal dengan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europe_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Europe Network (halaman belum tersedia)">Europe Network</a></i> (EUNET) yang meliputi wilayah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Jaringan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EUNET&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="EUNET (halaman belum tersedia)">EUNET</a> ini menyediakan jasa surat elektronik dan <i>newsgroup</i> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USENET&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="USENET (halaman belum tersedia)">USENET</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Untuk menyeragamkan alamat di jaringan komputer yang ada, maka pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: underline;" title="1984">1984</a> diperkenalkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Penamaan_Domain" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem Penamaan Domain">Sistem Penamaan Domain</a> atau <i>domain name system</i>, yang kini kita kenal dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="DNS">DNS</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-12" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Komputer yang tersambung dengan jaringan yang ada sudah melebihi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1000">1000</a> komputer lebih.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-13" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1987">1987</a>, jumlah komputer yang tersambung ke jaringan melonjak 10 kali lipat menjadi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10000&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="10000 (halaman belum tersedia)">10000</a> lebih.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-14" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Jaringan komputer terus berkembang pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1988">1988</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jarkko_Oikarinen&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jarkko Oikarinen (halaman belum tersedia)">Jarkko Oikarinen</a> seorang berkebangsaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a> menemukan sekaligus memperkenalkan<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a></i> atau lebih dikenal dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="IRC">IRC</a> yang memungkinkan dua orang atau lebih pengguna komputer dapat berinteraksi secara langsung dengan pengiriman pesan (<i>Chatting</i> ).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Akibatnya, setahun kemudian jumlah komputer yang saling berhubungan melonjak 10 kali lipat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> tak kurang dari <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=100000&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="100000 (halaman belum tersedia)">100000</a> komputer membentuk sebuah jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-8" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Pertengahan tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1990">1990</a> merupakan tahun yang paling bersejarah, ketika Tim <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berners_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Berners Lee (halaman belum tersedia)">Berners Lee</a> merancang sebuah programe penyunting dan penjelajah yang dapat menjelajai komputer yang satu dengan yang lainnya dengan membentuk jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-9" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Programe inilah yang disebut <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWW" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="WWW">Waring Wera Wanua</a> atau <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah4_5-10" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah4-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jaringan sudah melampaui sejuta komputer di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1992">1992</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-15" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Dan di tahun yang sama muncul istilah <i>surfing</i> (menjelajah).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-16" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Dan di tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1994">1994</a>, situs-situs di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Internet">internet</a> telah tumbuh menjadi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3000&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="3000 (halaman belum tersedia)">3000</a> alamat halaman, dan untuk pertama kalinya berbelanja melalui internet atau <i>virtual-shopping</i> atau <i>e-retail</i> muncul di situs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-17" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> Di tahun yang sama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>didirikan, yang juga sekaligus tahun kelahiran <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netscape_Navigator_1.0&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Netscape Navigator 1.0 (halaman belum tersedia)">Netscape Navigator 1.0</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah3_4-18" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah3-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Client-Server_Model.jpg&filetimestamp=20110602114908" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="143" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Client-Server_Model.jpg/250px-Client-Server_Model.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Client-Server_Model.jpg&filetimestamp=20110602114908" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Contoh model jaringan Klien-Server</div></div></div><div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Klasifikasi jaringan komputer terbagi menjadi :</div><ol style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berdasarkan geografisnya, jaringan komputer terbagi menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_wilayah_lokal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan wilayah lokal">Jaringan wilayah lokal</a> atau <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_wilayah_lokal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan wilayah lokal">Local Area Network</a></i> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="LAN">LAN</a>), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_wilayah_metropolitan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan wilayah metropolitan">Jaringan wilayah metropolitan</a> atau <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_wilayah_metropolitan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan wilayah metropolitan">Metropolitan Area Network</a></i> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="MAN">MAN</a>), dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_wilayah_luas&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan wilayah luas (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan wilayah luas</a> atau <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="WAN">Wide Area Network</a></i> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="WAN">WAN</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar_6-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Jaringan wilayah lokal]] merupakan jaringan milik pribadi di dalam sebuah gedung atau tempat yang berukuran sampai beberapa 1 - 10 kilometer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar_6-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> LAN seringkali digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer-komputer pribadi dan stasiun kerja (<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workstation&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Workstation (halaman belum tersedia)">workstation</a></i>) dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kantor">kantor</a> suatu perusahaan atau pabrik-pabrik untuk memakai bersama sumberdaya (misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencetak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pencetak">pencetak</a> (<i>printer</i>) dan saling bertukar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Informasi">informasi</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Sedangkan Jaringan wilayah metropolitan merupakan perluasan jaringan LAN sehingga mencakup satu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota">kota</a> yang cukup luas, terdiri atas puluhan gedung yang berjarak 10 - 50 kilometer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar_6-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabel">Kabel</a> transmisi yang digunakan adalah kabel <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serat_optik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> (<i>Coaxial Cable</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Jaringan wilayah luas Merupakan jaringan antarkota, antar <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Propinsi">propinsi</a>, antar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Negara">negara</a>, bahkan antar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Benua">benua</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Jaraknya bisa mencakup seluruh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dunia">dunia</a>, misalnya jaringan yang menghubungkan semua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bank">bank</a>di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, atau jaringan yang menghubungkan semua kantor Perwakilan Indonesia di seluruh dunia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Media transmisi utama adalah komunikasi lewat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satelit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Satelit">satelit</a>, tetapi banyak yang mengandalkan koneksi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serat_optik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> antar negara.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berdasarkan fungsi, terbagi menjadi Jaringan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klien-server" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Klien-server">Klien-server</a> (<i>Client-server</i>) dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/P2P" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="P2P">Jaringan Ujung ke ujung</a> <i>(Peer-to-peer)</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Jaringan klien-server pada ddasaranya ada satu komputer yang disiapkan menjadi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peladen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peladen">peladen</a> (<i>server</i>) dari komputer lainnya yang sebagai <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klien&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Klien (halaman belum tersedia)">klien</a> (<i>client</i>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Semua permintaan layanan sumberdaya dari komputer klien harus dilewatkan ke komputer peladen, komputer peladen ini yang akan mengatur pelayanannya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-8" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Apabila komunikasi permintaan layanan sangat sibuk bahkan bisa disiapkan lebih dari satu komputer menjadi peladen, sehingga ada pembagian tugas, misalnya <i>file-server</i>, <i>print-server</i>, <i>database server</i> dan sebagainya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-9" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Tentu saja konfigurasi komputer peladen biasanya lebih dari konfigurasi komputer klien baik dari segi kapasitas memori, kapasitas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakram_keras" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cakram keras">cakram keras</a> {<i>harddisk</i>), maupun kecepatan prosessornya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-10" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Sedangkan jaringan ujung ke ujung itu ditunjukkan dengan komputer-komputer saling mendukung, sehingga setiap komputer dapat meminta pemakaian bersama sumberdaya dari komputer lainnya, demikian pula harus siap melayani permintaan dari komputer lainnya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-11" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Model jaringan ini biasanya hanya bisa diterapkan pada jumlah komputer yang tidak terlalu banyak, maksimum 25, karena komunikasi akan menjadi rumit dan macet bilamana komputer terlalu banyak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar2_7-12" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar2-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berdasarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_jaringan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi jaringan">topologi jaringan</a>, jaringan komputer dapat dibedakan atas<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sejarah1_2-8" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-sejarah1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup>:<ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_bus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi bus">Topologi bus</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_bintang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi bintang">Topologi bintang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_cincin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi cincin">Topologi cincin</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_mesh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi mesh">Topologi mesh</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_pohon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi pohon">Topologi pohon</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi_linier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Topologi linier">Topologi linier</a></li>
</ol></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berdasarkan distribusi sumber informasi/data<ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jaringan terpusat<br />
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Jaringan ini terdiri dari komputer klien dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peladen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peladen">peladen</a> yang mana komputer klien yang berfungsi sebagai perantara untuk mengakses sumber <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Informasi">informasi</a>/<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Data">data</a> yang berasal dari satu komputer <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peladen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peladen">peladen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar3_8-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar3-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup></dd></dl></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jaringan terdistribusi<br />
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Merupakan perpaduan beberapa jaringan terpusat sehingga terdapat beberapa komputer <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peladen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Peladen">peladen</a> yang saling berhubungan dengan klien membentuk sistem jaringan tertentu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar3_8-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar3-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup></dd></dl></li><br />
</ol></li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Berdasarkan media transmisi data<ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_Berkabel&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan Berkabel (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan Berkabel</a> (<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wired_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Wired Network (halaman belum tersedia)">Wired Network</a></i>)<br />
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Pada jaringan ini, untuk menghubungkan satu komputer dengan komputer lain diperlukan penghubung berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabel">kabel</a> jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar3_8-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar3-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> Kabel jaringan berfungsi dalam mengirim informasi dalam bentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinyal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sinyal">sinyal</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listrik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Listrik">listrik</a> antar komputer jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar3_8-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar3-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup></dd></dl></li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_nirkabel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaringan nirkabel">Jaringan nirkabel</a>(<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></i>)<br />
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em;">Merupakan jaringan dengan medium berupa gelombang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromagnetik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Elektromagnetik">elektromagnetik</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar3_8-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar3-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> Pada jaringan ini tidak diperlukan kabel untuk menghubungkan antar komputer karena menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik yang akan mengirimkan sinyal informasi antar komputer jaringan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jar3_8-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer#cite_note-jar3-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup></dd></dl></li><br />
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</div></span>Everd Roy Muheahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04423766367455750212noreply@blogger.com0